Chapter 2 - Life Cycles

Question 1

What is a life cycle?

Answer 1

All the stages a living thing goes through, from the beginning of one generation to the next.

Question 2

What are TRAITs?

Answer 2

A form of a characteristic that not all have in common.

Question 3

What is metamorphosis?

Answer 3

Major changes in the body form of an animal during its life cycle.

The young offspring do not look like an adult.

Changes in shape and characteristics.

I.e. Frogs, butterflies, moths

Question 4

What is direct development?

Answer 4

A way that organisms grow and mature where the offspring closely resembles the adults when they are born - they are just smaller in size.

Question 5

What is heredity?

Answer 5

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring.

Question 6

What is a gene?

Answer 6

A basic unit of heredity.

Genes carry instructions for how a living thing will grow and develop.

Every human has the same number and type of genes, but the instructions vary.

Question 7

What are the ways that different kinds of plants reproduce?

Give an example of each and a brief description of each.

Answer 7

Seed - flowering plants grow from seeds.

Cycle:
A seed forms when an egg is FERTILIZED. Each seed holds a tiny plant called an EMBRYO. When conditions are right it begins to GERMINATE. The leaves grow, roots form and begins to make its own food. When a new plant is formed, it’s the SEEDLING stage. Next it develops flowers - the FLOWERING stage

Spore - plants without roots reproduce with spores, not seeds.

Cycle:
Need very moist environments so that the sperms can move to the eggs. i.e.: moss, ferns

1st - egg and sperms join
2nd - a small plant is formed
3rd - adults release spores
4th - develop new plants
5th - develop sperms and eggs and the cycle begins again

Question 8

What are inherited traits? What are acquired traits? Know examples of inherited traits; examples of acquired traits (handy family tree).

Answer 8

Inherited traits are characteristics passed from parents.

• dimples
• hair and eye color
• hitch hiker thumb
• attached/detached earlobes

Acquired traits are characteristics that you learn.

• favorite foods
• favorite subjects
• your character
• your favorite sport or hobby

Question 9

What is an embryo?

Answer 9

A tiny plant inside the seed

Question 10

What is germination?

Answer 10

Is the first stage in a plant’s life cycle.

To germinate = to grow

Question 11

What is complete metamorphosis?

Answer 11

The organism undergoes a complete change in body shape and characteristics at each stage of development.

Question 12

What is incomplete metamorphosis?

Answer 12

The organism does not undergo a complete change in body shape, but increases in size and matures.

Question 13

What is direct development?

Answer 13

Describes a way that an organism grows and matures. Once it’s an adult it still resembles how it was born.

Question 14

What are the stages of a human’s life cycle?

Answer 14

Infant is born

Child grows into an adolescent and then an adult and finally a senior

Question 15

Which animals develop in pouches?

Answer 15

Marsupials

Ie kangaroo and sea horses

Question 16

Which animals hatch from eggs?

Answer 16

Reptiles, birds, fish and amphibians

Question 17

What is the difference between complete and incomplete metamorphosis? And give examples and the life cycles.

Answer 17

An insect that changes completely from one stage to the next is complete metamorphosis.

The 4 stages are: an insect lays a fertilized EGG, a tiny caterpillar or LARVA hatches from the egg, the larva eats, grows and becomes a PUPA in a chrysalis, and then the ADULT insect.

Examples are: moths, caterpillars, amphibians

When animals look like adults when they hatch but don’t have all the body parts is considered incomplete metamorphosis.

The 3 stages are: EGG, NYMPHS, and ADULT

Examples are: grasshoppers (missing wings)

Both have eggs and become adults