Chapter 4

Question 1

According to your text, the three key elements of motivation are intensity, direction, and

Answer 1

persistance

Question 2

Based on equity theory, when employees perceive they are under-rewarded, they

Answer 2

may exert less effort, may ask for more compensation, and may choose a different referent person

Question 3

Damien is one of the best sales people at his place of work. He works long hours at his job because he knows his efforts are recognized by the manager and the other sales people. At the end of every year the company surprises employees who have met their targets with a bonus. Damiens motivation is characterized by

Answer 3

a high level of instrumentality

Question 4

Dave thinks he has the best job anyone could ever have. He is held personally accountable for his work, and receives a lot of feedback. For these reasons, he sees the results of his work. His job also gives him the chance to continually improve himself and do his personal best. He is responsible for planning, performing, evaluating, and changing his projects as he sees fit. He influences others to some extent but he works mostly on his own. This does not bother him, as he likes the autonomy. Finally, Dave likes his job because he is able to take on a moderate degree of risk, which he chooses. This kind of work enables Dave to be successful, feel good about his work, and accomplish his work and personal goals. Using McClellands theory of needs, Dave is exhibiting a ________ need and a ________ need.

Answer 4

strong achievement; low affiliation

Question 5

Generally speaking, in Harrys department, the employees perceive that the amount and allocation of the rewards are fair. This is known as ________ justice.

Answer 5

distributive

Question 6

Helga feels she received an appropriate salary increase this year, but does not believe that the companys methods for determining salary increases are fair. She believes there is a problem with the firms

Answer 6

procedural justice

Question 7

In Katies department, managers and employees jointly set performance goals that are tangible, verifiable, and measurable. Progress on goals is periodically reviewed, and rewards are allocated on the basis of this progress. This approach to goal setting is known as

Answer 7

management by objectives

Question 8

Interest, challenge, and personal satisfaction are considered ________ motivators, while pay and benefits are considered ________ motivators.

Answer 8

intrinsic; extrinsic

Question 9

Jenny is supervising Mildred, a data-entry clerk, who is currently performing at a moderate but unacceptable level, given the departments needs. Jenny consults with Mildred about setting performance goals. To be most effective, these goals should be

Answer 9

accompanied by performance feedback

Question 10

John has worked at his employers for an amazing 36 years. He has been a car sales manager for the past 11 years. He has noted that whenever he insists his sales people set goals, they achieve a higher level of sales. He has concluded that the reason for this is because

Answer 10

stated goals direct attention to reach those goals

Question 11

________ justice is the perceived fairness of the process used to determine the distribution of rewards.

Answer 11

procedural

Question 12

Kim likes to take on tasks where she knows that, if she puts in enough effort, she will be able to achieve good performance on the task. This is known as

Answer 12

expectancy

Question 13

Li is finding out that the prospect of a pay increase is no longer motivating her staff because they know that the raises will be minimal at best. This reflects the ________ of this reward.

Answer 13

valence

Question 14

Martha has been asked by her manager to carry out a complicated task for which she does not have the skills and knowledge. Her manager says there is not time to send her for training. Martha is unmotivated to attempt the task because she doubts very much that she will be able to perform the required job adequately and within the time deadline. Marthas motivation is characterized as

Answer 14

having low expectancy

Question 15

Organizations trying to build a strong team will want to incorporate group-based performance incentives. Employers should encourage employees to make an extra effort to help their team succeed by

Answer 15

linking rewards to team performance

Question 16

The four key sets of behaviours that managers can use to create intrinsic rewards for employees, as put forth by Professor Kenneth Thomas, are

Answer 16

leading for choice, leading for competence, leading for meaningfulness, and leading for progress

Question 17

The goals-performance relationship is influenced by five factors. These five factors are

Answer 17

goal commitment, adequate self-efficacy, task characteristics, feedback, and national culture

Question 18

________ theory tells us that individuals who have a ________ do not necessarily make good managers.

Answer 18

McClellands; high need for achievemen

Question 19

Using Herzbergs theory, working conditions are ________ factors, while job responsibility is a ________ factor.

Answer 19

hygiene; motivator

Question 20

What is most important to Donna is a working environment where she feels like she belongs and is accepted. According to Maslow, this reflects Donna ________ needs.

Answer 20

social

Question 21

Which of the following statements would most likely be made by a manager who subscribes to the Theory X approach of management?

Answer 21

The only way to get people to work hard is to push them hard.

Question 22

With respect to the motivation-hygiene theory, an example of a motivator factor is

Answer 22

recognition

Question 23

You are a new employee just hired with Acme Inc. Your supervisor has explained your job to you and has indicated that you will have a great deal of control over your job once you become proficient at it. He compliments your history of accepting responsibility and suggests that you are to feel free to offer constructive criticism about the way your job is structured.

Answer 23

assume that you will be internally motivated

Question 24

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old, and has few interests outside the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslow’s hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals.
Referring to the above scenario, you would expect that Jane is trying to satisfy her _______ .

Answer 24

social need

Question 25

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old, and has few interests outside the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals.
Referring to the above scenario, Mary would most likely be motivated by _______ .

Answer 25

more money

Question 26

Your department is made up of people who are very different in their lifestyles and their stages of life. Mary is a 23-year-old single parent who is working for minimum wage. Jonathan is 60 years old, extremely wealthy, and works because he enjoys it. Jane is single, 45 years old, and has few interests outside the office. You have decided to attempt to apply Maslows hierarchy of needs to motivate each of these individuals.
Referring to the above scenario, you would expect that Mary is trying to satisfy her _______ .

Answer 26

physiological need

Question 27

theory X

Answer 27

the assumption that employees dislike work, will attempt to avoid it, and must be coerced, controlled, or threatened with punishment to achieve goals

Question 28

theory Y

Answer 28

the assumption that employees like work, are creative, seek responsibility, and will exercise self-direction and self-control if they are committed to the goals

Question 29

hierarchy of needs theory

Answer 29

a hierarchy of five needs- physiological, safety, social, esteem, and self-actualization- in which, as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant

Question 30

ERG theory

Answer 30

a revised need hierarchy theory that emphasizes the core needs of existence, relatedness, and growth

Question 31

motivation-hygiene theory

Answer 31

a theory that relates intrinsic factors to job satisfaction and associates extrinsic factors with dissatisfaction. Also called two-factor theory

Question 32

McClellands theory of needs

Answer 32

achievement, power, and affiliation are three important needs that help explain motivation

Question 33

expectancy theory

Answer 33

the theory that individuals act on their evaluation of whether their effort will lead to good performance, whether good performance will be followed by a given outcome, and whether that outcome is attractive.