Chapter 4

Question 1

rock composition

Answer 1

the proportions of different chemicals and thus the identity of minerals or glass that make up a rock

Question 2

rock texture

Answer 2

the dimension and shape of grains and the ways that grains, and the ways the grains are arranged, oriented, and held together

Question 3

igneous rocks

Answer 3

form through the cooling and solidification of molten rock, which is created by the melting of preexisting rock in the mantle or lower crust

Question 4

magma

Answer 4

molten rock below the earth’s surface

Question 5

lava

Answer 5

magma that has erupted onto the surface

Question 6

sedimentary rock

Answer 6

form at or near the surface of the earth in two basic ways

1: when grains of preexisting rocks accumulate, are buried, and then are cemented together by minerals precipitating out of groundwater
2: when minerals precipitate out of water near the Earth’s surface, either directly or through the life function of an organism, and either form a solid mass or are cemented together laterweatheri

Question 7

weathering

Answer 7

when preexisting rocks are broken down into their smallest pieces by processes and interactions with air, water, and living organisms
chemical and physical

Question 8

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 8

form when preexisting rocks are subjected to physical and chemical conditions within the Earth such as the increase in pressure and temperature and or shearing at elevated temperature
forms without weathering

Question 9

erosion

Answer 9

the grinding effects of moving ice, water, or air

Question 10

rock cycle

Answer 10

the flux of material from one rock type to another over geologic time
involves the reuse of mineral grains or the breakdown of minerals into their constituent atoms and reuse of those atoms to make other minerals

Question 11

Texture and Minerology

Answer 11

determine the origin of a rock

Question 12

grain size

Answer 12

are the grains course enough to be identified