Chapter 12

Question 1

groundwater

Answer 1

water that sinks into the ground
less kinetic energy than stream water and cannot carry particles
erodes chemically
used for drinking, washing, and irrigating crops

Question 2

karst topography

Answer 2

groundwater-eroded landscape

Question 3

aquifers

Answer 3

materials that transmit water readily

Question 4

aquitards

Answer 4

prevent water from infiltrating

Question 5

primary porosity

Answer 5

contain pores when the rock forms

Question 6

secondary porosity

Answer 6

become porous and permeable when broken by faulting or fracturing

Question 7

permeability

Answer 7

water can move through the material

Question 8

an aquifer must be

Answer 8

porous and permeable

Question 9

sinkoles

Answer 9

underground cavities grow so large that there is not enough rock to support the ground above them

Question 10

Karst tower

Answer 10

what remain when the rock around them has been disolved

Question 11

karst valley

Answer 11

form when several sinkholes develop along an elongated fracture

Question 12

water table

Answer 12

controls level of water in lakes

Question 13

zone of saturation

Answer 13

where all pore spaces are filled with water

Question 14

zone of aeration

Answer 14

where some pores are partly filled with air

Question 15

cone of depression

Answer 15

when the water table is lowered area around the well

Question 16

two problems with groundwater

Answer 16

quantity (will there be enough)
quality (whether the ground water is pure enough to drink/ if it has become contaminated through natural or human causes)