Chapter 14

Question 1

4 factors that change the nature and rapidity of shorelines

Answer 1

1. Material of which the shoreline is made
2. Weather, wind, climate, and climate change
3. Tidal range
4. Tectonic activity

Question 2

submergent shorelines

Answer 2

when the land sinks or sea level rises, the shoreline appears to be drowned, with irregular coastline, prominent bays, and abundant islands, marshes, and lagoons

Question 3

emergent shorelines

Answer 3

risen from sea by tectonic uplift or a drop in sea level \

Straight and bounded by steep cliffs; where tectonic uplift has occurred

Question 4

wave base

Answer 4

depth of wave action limited to half of the wavelength

Question 5

longshore drift

Answer 5

longshore currents move sand and silt parallel to the shoreline

Question 6

wave-cut bench

Answer 6

as waves drive loose sediment across shorelines underlain by bedrock, the sediment abrades a flat surface

Question 7

wave-cut notch

Answer 7

where costal cliffs made of unconsolidated sediment, the waves eat into the cliff and use the sediment as added abrasives

Question 8

sea arch

Answer 8

zones of weak bedrock eroded quickily isolating stronger material and starting to cut into it as well

Question 9

sea stack

Answer 9

when further erosion removes the support for the arch, it will colapse and form this

Question 10

Beaches

Answer 10

most common depositional features and consist of sand and coarser sediment, coreal shelves and shell fragmeents

Question 11

spits

Answer 11

elongate sand bars attached at one end to the mainland

Some are straight but others are curved shaped called hooks

Question 12

Barrier islands

Answer 12

elongate sand bars that lie offshore and are not connected to the mainland

Question 13

Salt/ tidal marshes

Answer 13

area between a barrier island and the shoreline

typically marshy wetland formed by sediment derived from mainland