Chapter 16

Question 1

epicenter

Answer 1

point on the surface directly above the focus

greatest ground motion and damage

Question 2

body waves

Answer 2

energy that travels through the body of the Earth
2 types
P and S

Question 3

focus

Answer 3

hypocenter

where the energy is released

Question 4

P waves

Answer 4

primary waves
seismic waves where particles in rock vibrate back and forth in direction the wave is traveling (longitudinal wave)
ex: slinky

Question 5

S waves

Answer 5

particle movement is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave is traveling (transverse wave)
ex: rope

Question 6

surface waves

Answer 6

when p or s waves reach the surface

Question 7

love waves

Answer 7

L waves surface wave

shear wave similar to s-waves (particles vibrate horizontally)

Question 8

Rayleigh waves

Answer 8

R-wave

particles move in a circular pattern opposite the direction in which the wave is traveling

Question 9

seismometers

Answer 9

detect seismic waves

measure amount of ground-movement

Question 10

seismogram

Answer 10

printed or digital record of ground motion

Question 11

Richter magnitude

Answer 11

based on amount of ground motion

each level is 10 times greater than the last

Question 12

Mercalli Intensity Scale

Answer 12

based on amount of damage to structures

Question 13

travel-time diagram

Answer 13

calculates the distance to an epicenter

Question 14

moment magnitude

Answer 14

calculates accurately the magnitude of shallow and deep focus, local and distant and large and small earthquakes

Question 15

liquefaction

Answer 15

seismic vibration causes friction between sand grains in waterlogged sediment to be reduced causing it to lose its ability to support overlying weight and flows like a liquid

Question 16

tsunami

Answer 16

seismic shock wave transmitted through ocean water when the floor of the ocean is offset vertically during an earthquake