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Geology 101 Lab > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

pressure

A

equal squeezing from all sides

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2
Q

compression

A

squeezing or squashing in a specific direction

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3
Q

tension

A

stretching or pulling apart

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4
Q

shear

A

which happens when one part of a material moves relative to another part in a direction parallel to the boundary between the parts

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5
Q

deformation

A

displacement of rocks on sliding surfaces called faults

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6
Q

folds

A

bending or warping of layers to produce arch-like or trough-like shapes
Overall change in the shape of a rock body by thickening or thinning

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7
Q

geologic structures

A

products of deformation such as faults, folds, and foliations

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8
Q

foliation

A

a fabric caused by the alignment of platy or elongate minerals

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9
Q

block diagram

A

3D representation of a region of the crust that depicts the configuration of structures on the ground as well as on one or two vertical into the ground

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10
Q

geologic map

A

represents the earth’s surface as it would appear looking straight down from above, showing the boundaries between rock units and where structures intersect the Earth’s surface.

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11
Q

Cross- section

A

represents the configuration of structures as seen in a vertical slice through the Earth.

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12
Q

contact

A

the boundary between two geologic units

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13
Q

trace

A

line representing the intersection of a planar feature with the plane of a map or cross section

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14
Q

stratigraphic formation

A

a sequence of sedimentary and/ or volcanic layers that has a definable age and can be identifies over a broad region

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15
Q

unit can be

A

a stratigraphic formation, intrusive igneous body, interval of a specified type of metamorphic rock

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16
Q

Types of contacts

A

Intrusive contact
Conformable contact
unconformable contact
fault contact

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17
Q

Intrusive contact

A

boundary surface of an intrusive igneous body

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18
Q

conformable contact

A

boundary between successive beds, sedimentary formations, or volcanic extrusions in a continuous stratigraphic

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19
Q

unconformable contact

A

occurs where a period of erosion and or deposition has interrupted deposition

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20
Q

fault contact

A

is where two units are juxtaposed across fault

21
Q

attitude

A

the orientation of any planar geologic feature

22
Q

strike

A

first number, the compass direction of a horizontal line drawn on the surface of the feature

23
Q

dip

A

second number, the angle of tilt or the angle of slope of the bed, measured relative to horizontal surface

24
Q

quadrant notation

A

when the strike is written as some angle relative to north

25
Q

azimuth notation

A

writing strike as a three-digit number

26
Q

map view

A

the top of a block

27
Q

cross-section view

A

the side of a block

28
Q

anticline

A

arch-like fold whose layers dip toward the base of the trough
layers of rock upward

29
Q

fold limb

A

side of a fold

30
Q

fold hinge

A

the line that separates the two limns

31
Q

nonplunging fold

A

hinge of a fold is horizontal

32
Q

plunging fold

A

high of a fold has a tilt

33
Q

basin

A

a bowl shaped structure

34
Q

dome

A

overturned bowl

35
Q

fault displacement

A

one body of rock slides past another

36
Q

hanging wall

A

rock above the fault surface

37
Q

footwall

A

rock below the fault surface

38
Q

strike-slip faults

A

tend to be nearly vertical, and displacement on them is horizontal

39
Q

dip-slip faults

A

displacement is parallel to the dip direction on the fault

40
Q

Reverse fault

A

hanging wall moves up the dip

41
Q

normal fault

A

moves down the dip

42
Q

thrust fault

A

if a reverse fault has a gentle dip or curved

43
Q

unconformity

A

contact that represents a period od non-deposition and or erosion

44
Q

disconformity

A

bedding above and below the unconformity is parallel

45
Q

nonconformity

A

strata are deposited on a “basement” of intrusive igneous and or metamorphic rock

46
Q

angular conformity

A

orientation of the beds above the unconformity is not the same as that below

47
Q

Tabular intrustion

A

roughly parallel margins
include dikes which cut across preexisting layers
and sills- sheet-like intrusions

48
Q

Plutons

A

irregularly shaped, blob-shaped, or bulb-shaped intrusions

49
Q

line of section

A

map view along which you want to produce the cross-section

Geology 101 Lab (12 decks)

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