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Geology 101 Lab > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

mineral

A

naturally occurring homogeneous solid solid formed by geologic processes with an ordered internal arrangement of atoms, ions, or molecules, and a composition definable by a chemical formula. Some believe it must be inorganic (not produced by an animal or plant)

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2
Q

Naturally occuring

A

a mineral forms by natural Earth processes (not human made)

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3
Q

Homogeneous

A

a piece of a mineral contains the same pure mineral throughout

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4
Q

Formed by geologic processes

A

traditionally implied processes such as solidification or precipitation which do not involve living organisms.

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5
Q

Solid

A

minerals maintain their shape indefinitely under normal conditions. Therefore, liquids like oil and water and gases like air and propane cannot be minerals

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6
Q

ordered internal arrangement of atoms

A

important characteristic that separates minerals from substances that may fit all other parts of the definition.

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7
Q

crystalline structue

A

atoms in minerals occupy this position in a grid

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8
Q

glasses

A

solids in which atoms occur in random clusters than in a crystalline structure

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9
Q

Definable chemical composition

A

elements present in a mineral and the proportions of their atoms can be expressed by a simple formula

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10
Q

Crystal

A

when a mineral grows without interference from other minerals, it develops smooth flat surfaces and a symmetrical geometric shape

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11
Q

grain

A

irregular or fragmented piece of mineral

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12
Q

specimen

A

single piece of mineral either crystal or grain

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13
Q

rock

A

coherent, naturally occurring, inorganic solid consisting of an aggregate of mineral grains, pieces of older rocks, or a mass of natural glass.

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14
Q

physical properties

A

how it looks (color and luster), breaks, feels, smells, and even tastes

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15
Q

diagnostic properties

A

they help immediately identify an unknown mineral or rule it out as a possibility

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16
Q

ambiguous properties

A

may vary in different specimens of the same mineral.

ex: color is a notoriously ambiguous property in many minerals; size doesn’t really matter either

17
Q

Luster

A

the way light interacts with its surface

Diagnostic property

18
Q

metallic luster

A

shiny and opaque like an untarnished piece of metal

19
Q

nonmetallic luster

A

look earthy (dull and powdery like dirt), glassy, waxy, silky, or pearly

20
Q

Color

A

different wavelengths absorbed or reflected by the minerals atoms
diagnostic property for metallic minerals

21
Q

Streak

A

color of its powder

determine by rubbing mineral against an unglazed porcelain plate

22
Q

Hardness

A

measure of how easily it can scratch or be scratched by other surfaces
Mohs hardness scale

23
Q

relative scale

A

a mineral can scratch those lower in the scale but cannot scratch those that are higher

24
Q

Crystal habit

A

preferred crystal shape that forms when it grows unimpeded by other grains
Crystal growth requires very specific conditions

25
Q

breakage

A

the way a mineral breaks is controlled by the zones of weak bonds in its structure

26
Q

Fracture

A

occurs when there are no zones of particularly weak bonding within a mineral

27
Q

Cleavage

A

occurs when bonds holding atoms together are weaker in some directions that others

28
Q

Specific gravity

A

SpG

comparison of its density with the density of water

29
Q

Magnetism

A

diagnostic property because so few minerals are magnetic

30
Q

Feel

A

greasy r slippery because their chemical bonds are so weak

31
Q

Taste

A

chemical property

32
Q

Odor

A

some minerals and their streaks have specific odors

33
Q

Reaction with Dilute Hydrochloric Acid

A

Many minerals that contain carbonate anion fizz when the come in contact with that acidq

34
Q

Tenacity

A

the way materials respond to being pushed, pulled, bent, or sheared. (malleable, brittle, ductile, flexible, elastic)

35
Q

Ore minerals

A

containing metals that can be separated from the rest of the elements in the mineral usually by melting

Geology 101 Lab (12 decks)

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