Chapter 4 Flashcards
Penis
Male sexual organ consisting of the internal root and the external shaft and glans
Root
The portion of the penis that extends internally into the pelvic cavity
Shaft
The length of the penis between the glans and the body
Glans
The head of the penis; it is richly endowed with nerve endings
Cavernous Bodies
The structure in the shaft of the penis that engorge with blood during sexual arousal
Spongy Body
A cylinder that forms a bulb at the base of the penis, extends up into the penile shaft, and forms the penile glans
Foreskin
A covering of skin over the penile glans
Corona
The rim of the penile glans
Frenulum
A highly sensitive then strip of skin that connects the glans to the shaft on the underside of the penis
Circumcision
- historical origins (pence to the gods)
- hygienic value and risk for STDs
- medical risks
- AAP: moderate opposition
- Phimosis: extremely tight foreskin
Scrotum
Pouch of skin of the external male genitals that encloses the testes
- tunica dartos (first layer)
- skin (second layer)
Testis
Male gonad inside the scrotum that produces sperm and sex hormones
Spermatic Cord
Cord attached to the testis that contains the vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and cremasteric muscle fibers
Cryptorchidism
A condition in which the testes fail to descend from the abdominal cavity to the scrotal sac
Seminiferous Tubules
Thin, coiled structures in the testes in which sperm are produced
Interstitial Cells
Cells located between the seminiferous tubules that are the major source of androgen in males
Semen (seminal fluid)
- About 1 teaspoon
- 200 to 500 million sperm
Epididymis
The structure along the back of each testis in which sperm maturation occurs
Vas Deferens
A sperm-carrying tube that begins at the testis and ends at the urethra
Vasectomy
Male sterilization procedure that involves removing a section from each vas deferens
Erection
Autonomic nervous system
- arteries expand
- tumescence: blood outflow cannot keep up with inflow
Psychogenic and physiogenic factors
Ejaculatory Ducts
Two short ducts located within the prostate gland
Urethra
The tube through which urine passes from the bladder to the outside of the body
Seminal Vesicles
Small glands adjacent to the terminals of the vas deferens that secrete an alkaline fluid (conductive to sperm motility) that makes the greatest portion of the volume of seminal fluid released during ejaculation
Prostate Gland
A gland located at the base of the bladder that produces about 30% of the seminal fluid released during ejaculation
Cowper’s Glands
Two pea-sized glands located alongside the base of the urethra in the male that secrete an alkaline fluid during sexual arousal
Semen or Seminal Fluid
A viscous fluid ejaculated through the penis that contains sperm and fluids from the prostate, seminal vesicles, and Cowper’s glands
Ejaculation
Process by which semen is expelled from the body through the penis
Emission Phase
The first stage of male orgasm, in which the seminal fluid is gathered in the urethral bulb
Expulsion Phase
The second stage of male orgasm, during which the semen is expelled from the penis by muscular contraction
Retrograde Ejaculation
The process by which semen is expelled into the bladder instead of out of the penis
Nocturnal Emission
Involuntary ejaculation during sleep; also known as a wet dream
Genital Retraction Syndrome (GRS)
Unusual, culture-bound phenomenon in which a male believes his penis is shrinking and retracting into his body
Koro
A widely used term for the genital retraction syndrome
Circumcision 2
Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis
Phimosis
A condition characterized by an extremely tight penis foreskin
Urology
Medical specialtymeddling with reproductive health and genital diseases of the male and urinary tract diseases in both sexes
Smegma
Cheesy substance of glandular secretions and skin cells that sometimes accumulates under the foreskin of the penis or hood of the clitoris
Penis Size
- symbol of virility
- erect penises show less variation than flaccid
- size not related to sexual satisfaction
- penile augmentation
- genital retraction syndrome
Penis Health-Care Issues
- cleanliness: smegma, infections
- reaction to vaginal secretions
- injuries
- penile cancer
Penile Cancer
Rare malignancy that can be deadly if not diagnosed and treated in its earliest stages
Testicle Health-Care Issues
Testicular Cancer:
- rare, but more common in young men (15 to 34 years)
- sign: hard or irregular mass
- survival greater than 90% if detected early
Diseases of the Prostate
Prostate Diseases: - prostatitis: enlarged and inflamed - benign prostatic hyperplasia - prostate cancer PSA Test Treatment options for prostate cancer
