Chapter 18 Flashcards
Categories of Pornography
- Degrading
- Violent
- Hard-Core
- Soft-Core
- Erotica
- Specialty
- Straight Versus Gay
Pornography Extended
- Dates back to cave drawings
- Media advances have exploded the industry
- Attempts to control pornography distribution (prohibited books, Comstock act)
Pornography
Sexually explicit material intended to cause sexual arousal
Erotica
Respectful, affectionate depictions of sexuality
- Made in 70’s
- Both hard and soft core
- Identifies as passionate love
Variations in Gender Porn Films
- Straight porn is based on close-up views of various positions of intercourse, oral, and anal sex
- Threesomes, two women, and group sex are also in this category
- Most gay porn is from well-groomed, muscular, good-looking men
- Also large men with body hair goes in this category
- Lesbian porn is realistic and more of reality involving sex toys, costuming, and talking
Specialty Pornography
- Large variety of human imagination in porn
- It is whatever fits that personality or what turns them on
- This can be orgies, interracial sex, or even pregnancy sex
Child Pornography
- Not covered by first amendment
- Illegal under many state and federal laws even if the person is pretending to be under 18
- Internet regulation
Pornography and Freedom of Speech
- 1970 Commission on obscenity and pornography recommended repeal of all adult pornography laws
- 1986 Meese Commission recommended vigorous prosecution of obscenity
- Regulating the dissemination of pornography:
Private possession is not a crime
Dissemination is regulated
Cyberspace cannot be controlled
Obscenity
Personal or societal judgement that something is offensive
Pornography: Effects of Relationships
- Stresses male penile performance
- Perpetuates gender role stereotypes
- Greater dissatisfaction with partner’s appearance and performance
Supreme Court Criteria
- Appeals to prurient interest in sex
- Patently offensive to contemporary community standards
- Without serious literary, artistic, political, scientific value
Prostitution
Exchange of sexual services for money
- Long history; tolerated, even valued
- Internet changing the market
Sex Worker
Person involved in prostitution and activities such as phone sex, nude dancing, erotic message, Internet sex, and acting in porn movies
Brothel
House in which a group of prostitutes work
Prostitution Clients
- Usually middle-aged, white males
- No intimacy or commitment
- Techniques they would not use with regular partner
- No risk of rejection
Why Choose Prostitution as a Career
- Economic
- Combination of psychological, social, and environmental factors
- Exploitation
- Diverse Backgrounds
Prostitution and the Law
Illegal: - Reduces number of prostitutes - Easier to enforce restrictions - Regulates public morality Legal: - Effective restriction is difficult - Encourages health maintenance - Hampers Rehabilitation - Discrimination in enforcement
Prostitution and HIV
- Nevada brothels require monthly testing and use of condoms
- Lower society omit status prostitutes, male prostitutes, and IV drug abuse have higher risk
Teenage Prostitution
- Dysfunctional families cause runaway teenagers
- 95% have been sexually abused
- Poor school history, low self-esteem
- Seeking adult attention and affection
- Serious risks; HIV or STD’s
Female Prostitutes
- Streetwalkers
- Brothel or massage parlor workers
- Call girls and escorts and kept women
Male Prostitutes
- Heterosexual services (gigolos)
- Homosexual services
- Street hustlers, call boys, and kept boys
Economics of Prostitution
- Pimps live off their earnings
- Criminal justice businesses profit
- Referral agents get tips from prostitutes
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
- Abstinence or condom
- Chlamydia: most common bacterial
- Herpes: simplex type 1 and 2 (soar diseases) 1 is oral, and 2 is genital
- Candidiasis (yeast infection): most common viral
Sexual Harrasement
- Unwanted sexual attention in workplace or academic setting
- Prohibited by 1964 Civil Rights Act in Title 7 and two types:
1. Quid Pro Quo; you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours
2. Hostile or offensive environment (hostile is like not talking to them, offensive is making your environment harmful to others
