Chapter 4

Question 1

Magnification

Answer 1

Increase in an objects apparent size compared to its actual size

Question 2

Resolving power

Answer 2

The ability of an optical instrument to show two objects as separate

Question 3

Cell theory

Answer 3

A theory which states that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells

Question 4

Electron microscope

Answer 4

Uses a beam of electrons to resolve objects

Question 5

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 5

To study the detailed architecture of the cell surface

Question 6

Transmission electron microscope

Answer 6

A microscope used for exploring the internal structure of a cell

Question 7

Prokaryotic cells

Answer 7

A cell that lacks a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles ex. Bacteria

Question 8

Eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles all organisms except bacteria and archaea are composed of eukaryotic cells

Question 9

Prokaryotic cell

Answer 9

A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles found only in the domains bacteria and Archaea

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

The thin layer of lipids and proteins that sets a cell from its surroundings and acts as a selective barrier to the passage of ions and molecules in two and out of the cell consists of a phospholipid by layer and which proteins are embedded

Question 11

Ribosomes

Answer 11

A cellular structure consisting of RNA and protein organized into subunits and functioning as a sight of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm the ribosomal subunits are constructed in the nucleus

Question 12

Nucleus

Answer 12

And Adam central core containing protons and neutrons & genetic control center of a eukaryotic cell

Question 13

Chromatin

Answer 13

The combination of DNA and proteins that constitutes chromosomes often used to refer to that diffuse very extended form taken by the chromosomes when a eukaryotic cell is not dividing

Question 14

Chromosome

Answer 14

A gene carrying structure found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell and most visible during mitosis and meiosis also the main Gene caring structure of a prokaryotic cell each chromosome consists of one very long threadlike DNA molecule and associated proteins

Question 15

Nucleolus

Answer 15

A structural with in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell where ribosomal are in a is made in the same boat with proteins to make up ribosomal subunits consists of parts of chromatin DNA RNA transcribed from the DNA and proteins and ported from the cytoplasm

Question 16

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 16

A network of interconnected membrane tubes in a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm. Smooth ER lacks ribosomes. Enzymes in bedded in the smooth ER membrane function in the synthesis of certain kinds of molecules, such as lipids

Question 17

Endomembrane system

Answer 17

A network of organelles that partitions the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells into functional compartments. Some of the organelles are structural connected to others whereas others are structurally separate but functionally connected by the traffic of vesicles that travels between them

Question 18

Rough ER

Answer 18

A network of interconnected membrane sacs in a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm. Rough ER membranes are studded with ribozymes that make membrane proteins and secretory proteins. The rough ER constructs membrane from phospholipids and proteins.

Question 19

Golgi apparatus

Answer 19

An organelle in the eukaryotic cells consisting of stacks of membranes sacs that modify store and ship products of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 20

Lysosome

Answer 20

A digestive organelle in eukaryotic cells contains enzymes that digest the cells food and wastes

Question 21

Food vacuole

Answer 21

A tiny sack in a eukaryotic cells cytoplasm that involves nutrients. Or the simplest type of digestive compartment

Question 22

Vacuoles

Answer 22

A membrane enclosed sack, part of the Indo membrane system of a eukaryotic cell, having diverse functions

Question 23

Central vacuoles

Answer 23

A membrane enclosed sack occupying most of the interior of a mature plant cell having diverse rolls in reproduction growth and development

Question 24

Chloroplasts

Answer 24

And organelle found in plants and photosynthesis protists . Enclosed by two concentric remembrance, a chloroplast absorbs sunlight and uses it to power the synthesis of organic food molecules

Question 25

Stoma

Answer 25

A poor surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of a leaf when’s stoma are open CO2 enters the leaf and water in 02 exit a plant conserves water when it stoma are closed

Question 26

Grana

Answer 26

A stack of hollow disks form the thylakoid membrane in a chloroplast. Grandma are the sites where light energy is trapped by chlorophyll and converted into chemical energy during the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Question 27

Matrix

Answer 27

The thick fluid contained within the inter-membrane of the mitochondria

Question 28

Mitochondria

Answer 28

And organelle in eukaryotic cells where cellular respiration occurs. Enclosed by to concentric membranes, it is where most of the cells ATP is made.

Question 29

Cristae

Answer 29

A fold of the inner membrane of a mitochondrion. Enzyme molecules embedded in cristae make ATP

Question 30

Microtubules

Answer 30

The thickest of three main kinds of fibers making up the cytoskeleton of a eukaryotic cell: a straight, hollow tube made of globular proteins called tubulins. Microtubules form the basis of the structure and movement of cilia and Flagella

Question 31

Cytoskeleton

Answer 31

A meshwork of fine fibers in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell; includes microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

Question 32

Flagella

Answer 32

A long appendage that propels protests through the water and moves fluids across the surface of many tissue cells and animals a cell may have one or more flagella

Question 33

Cilia

Answer 33

A short appendage that propels some protists through the water and moves fluids across the surface of many tissue cells in animals

Question 34

Light microscope

Answer 34

Visible light is projected through the specimen glass lenses enlarge the image and project it into a human eye or camera