Chapter 19

Question 1

endangered species

Answer 1

as defined in the US Endangered Species Act, a species that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range

Question 2

equilibrial life history

Answer 2

the pattern of reaching sexual maturity slowly and producing few offspring but caring for the young, often seen in long lived, large bodied species

Question 3

exponential population growth

Answer 3

a model that describes the expansion of a population in an ideal unlimited environment

Question 4

intraspecific competition

Answer 4

competition between individuals of same species for same limited resources

Question 5

invasive species

Answer 5

a non-native species that has spread far beyond the original point of introduction and causes environmental or economic damage by colonizing and dominating suitable habitats

Question 6

life history

Answer 6

the traits that affect an organism’s schedule of reproduction and survival

Question 7

population momentum

Answer 7

in a population in which the fertility rate averages two children per female , the continuation of population growth as girls reach their reproductive years

Question 8

Life Table

Answer 8

a table which shows, for each age, what the probability is that a person of that age will die before his or her next birthday

Question 9

Limiting Factors

Answer 9

the environmental factor that is of predominant importance in restricting the size of a population

Question 10

Logistic Population Growth

Answer 10

the growth rate decreases as the population reaches carrying capacity

Question 11

Opportunistic Life History

Answer 11

produce many young as early as possible, and provide no parental care

Question 12

Population

Answer 12

The number of a specific species in a given area

Question 13

Population Density

Answer 13

a measurement of population per unit area or unit; it is a quantity of type number in a given area

Question 14

Survivorship Curve

Answer 14

a graph showing the number or proportion of individuals surviving to each age for a given species or group

Question 15

Threatened Species

Answer 15

any species which are vulnerable to endangerment in the near future

Question 16

Age Structure

Answer 16

The relative number of individuals of each age in a population.

Question 17

Biological Control

Answer 17

The intentional release of a natural enemy to attack a pest population.

Question 18

Carrying Capacity

Answer 18

The maximum population size that a particular environment can sustain.

Question 19

Density-Dependent Factor

Answer 19

A limiting factor whose effects intensify with increasing population density.

Question 20

Density-Independent Factor

Answer 20

A limiting factor whose occurrence and effects are not related to population density.

Question 21

Ecological Footprint

Answer 21

An estimate of the amount of land required to provide the raw materials an individual or population consumes, including food, fuel, water, housing and waste disposal.

Question 22

Population Ecology

Answer 22

The study of how members of a population interact with their environment, focusing on factors that influence population density and growth.