Chapter 1&2 Flashcards
Aqueous Solution
A solution in which water is the solvent
Atom
The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element
Atomic Number
The number of protons in each atom of a specific element.
Acid
A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution
Base
A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.
Buffer
A chemical substance that resists changes in the ph by accepting hydrogen ions from or donating hydrogen ions to a solution
Chemical bonds
An attraction between two atoms resulting from sharing of outer shell electrons or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms the bonded atoms gain complete outer electron shells
Chemical reactions
A process leading to chemical changes in matter involving the making and or breaking of chemical bonds
Cohesion
The attraction between molecules of the same kind
Compounds
A substance containing two or more elements in a fixed ratio
Biology
The scientific study of life
Biosphere
The global ecosystem the, entire portion of Earth inhabited by life all of life and where it lives
Controlled experiment
A component of the process of science whereby a scientist carries out to parallel tests and experimental test and a control test that experimental test differs from the control by one factor the variable
Discovery science
The process of scientific inquiry that focuses on describing nature
Covalent bond
In attraction between Adams that share one or more pairs of outer shell electrons
Electron
A subatomic particle with a single unit of negative electrical charge one or more electrons move around the nucleus of the Adam
Element
A substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical means
Evaporative cooling
A property of water whereby a body becomes cooler as water evaporates from it
Heat
The amount of kinetic energy contained in the movements of the Adams in molecules in the body of matter heat is energy in it’s most random phone
Hydrogen bond
A type of weak chemical bond formed when a partially positive hydrogen Adam from one polar molecule is attracted to the partly negative Adam in another molecule
Ions
And Atom or molecule that has gained or lost one or more electrons thus acquiring an electrical charge
Ionic bond
And attraction between two ions with opposite electrical charges the electrical attraction of the opposite charge holds the ions together
Isotopes
A variance form of an atom isotopes of an element have the same number of protons and electrons but different numbers of neutrons
Mass
A measure of the amount of material in an object
Eukaryotic cell
A type of cell that has a membrane enclosed nucleus and other membrane enclosed organelles all organisms except bacteria and archaea I composed of eukaryotic cells
Ecosystem
All the organisms in a given area along with the nonliving factors with which they interact a biological community and its physical environment
Gene
A unit of inheritance in DNA
Hypothesis
A tentative explanation that a scientist proposes for a specific phenomenon that has been observed
Mass number
The sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atoms nucleus
Matter
Anything that occupies space and has mass
Molecule
A group of two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds
Neutron
An electrically neutral particle
Nucleus
An atoms central core containing protons and neutrons
PH scale
A measure of the relative acidity of a solution ranging in value from zero most acidic to 14 most basic
Polar molecule
A molecule containing polar covalent bonds have an opposite charges on opposite ends
Products
An ending material in a chemical reaction
Proton
A sub atomic particle with a single unit of positive electrical charge found in the nucleus of an Adam
Radioactive isotope
An isotope is nucleus decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy
Hypothesis driven
The process of scientific inquiry that uses the steps of the scientific method to answer questions about nature
Life
The set of common characteristics that distinguish living organisms
Natural selection
A process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than other organisms with other characteristics
Prokaryotic cell
A type of cell lacking a nucleus and other organelles found only in the domains bacteria and archaea
Reactants
A starting material in a chemical reaction
Solute
A substance that is disc dissolved in a solution
Solution
A liquid consisting of a homogeneous of two or more substances a dissolving agent the solvent and a substance that is dissolved this all you
Solvent
Did you dissolving agent in a solution water is the most versatile known solvent
Temperature
A measure of the intensity of heat reflecting the average kinetic energy or speed of molecules
Trace elements
An element that is essential for the survival of an organism but is needed only in minute quantities
Scientific method
Scientific investigation involving the observation of phenomena.
Theory
A widely excepted explanatory idea that is brought it in scope and supported by a large body of evidence
