chapter 4

Question 1

adenosine triphosphate (ATP)

Answer 1

major energy molecule used in biological processes. Contains an adenosine attached to a string of three phosphates. Cutting off the phosphate creates energy.

Question 2

cis-trans isomers (geometric isomers)

Answer 2

same covalent bonds but differ in their special arrangements

side groups flipped

Question 3

enantiomers

Answer 3

isomers that are mirror images of each other

Question 4

functional groups

Answer 4

components of organic molecules that are most commonly involved in chemical reactions

Question 5

hydrocarbons

Answer 5

organic molecules consisting only carbon and hydrogen

Question 6

isomers

Answer 6

compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and properties

Question 7

organic chemistry

Answer 7

the study of compounds that contain carbon, regardless of orgin

Question 8

structural isomers

Answer 8

different covalent arrangements of their arrangements

Question 9

valence

Answer 9

the bonding capacity of a given atom; the number of covalent bonds that an atom can form, which usually equals the number of unpaired electrons in its outermost (valence) shell.