chapter 3

Question 1

adhesion

Answer 1

the attraction between different substances (such as water and plant walls)

Question 2

aqueous solution

Answer 2

one in which water is the solvent

Question 3

calorie (cal)

Answer 3

the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 degree celsius, or the amount of heat released when 1 g of water cools by 1 degree celsius

Question 4

cohesion

Answer 4

water molecules being held together by hydrogen bonds

Question 5

evaporative cooling

Answer 5

as a liquid evaporates, its remaining surface cools

Question 6

vaporization

Answer 6

transformation of a substance from liquid to gas

Question 7

heat of vaporization

Answer 7

the heat a liquid must absorb for 1 g to be converted to gas

Question 8

hydration shell

Answer 8

a sphere of water molecules surrounding an ion molecule being dissolved

Question 9

hydrophilic

Answer 9

water loving

Question 10

hydrophobic

Answer 10

water fearing

Question 11

joule

Answer 11

unit of energy (1 J= 0.239 cal, or 1 cal= 4.184 J)

Question 12

kilocalories

Answer 12

1000 calories (calories seen on food)

Question 13

kinetic energy

Answer 13

the energy of motion

Question 14

molarity

Answer 14

number of moles of solute per liter of solution

Question 15

mole

Answer 15

number of molecules (1 mole (mol)= 6.02= 1023 molecules)

Question 16

molecular mass

Answer 16

the sum of all atomic masses in a molecule

Question 17

polar covalent bonds and polar molecule

Question 18

solute

Answer 18

substance that is dissolved

Question 19

solution

Answer 19

a liquid that is completely homogenous mixture of substances

Question 20

solvent

Answer 20

the dissolving agent

Question 21

specific heat

Answer 21

the amount of heat absorbed or lost for 1 g of substance to change 1 degree C

Question 22

surface tension

Answer 22

the tension on the surface film of a liquid caused by the attraction of the particles in the surface layer. It is a measure of how hard it is to break the surface

Question 23

temperature

Answer 23

the average kinetic energy of the molecules in a body of matter

Question 24

thermal energy

Answer 24

kinetic energy associated with random motion atoms, also called heat

Question 25

heat

Answer 25

thermal energy in transfer from one body of matter to another

Question 26

mole (mol)

Answer 26

one atom is more electronegative that the other and electrons are not shared equally. (ie, the electron which has a negative charge is going to spend more time towards the more electronegative atom)