chapter 12

Question 1

anaphase

Answer 1

the cohesins are cleaved by an enzyme called seperase and move along the kinetochores to opposite ends of the cell

Question 2

anchorage dependence

Answer 2

animal must be cells to a substratum

Question 3

benign tumor

Answer 3

when abnormal cells remain at their original site

Question 4

binary fission

Answer 4

how bacteria reproduce

Question 5

cell cycle control system

Answer 5

what controls replication of cells

Question 6

cell division

Answer 6

the reproduction of cells

Question 7

cell plate

Answer 7

how plant cells seperate cytoplasm

Question 8

centromere

Answer 8

narrow portion of the chromatids where they are bound together

Question 9

centrosome

Answer 9

a type of microtubule-organizing center

Question 10

checkpoints

Answer 10

where the cell stops replication and awaits a go-ahead signal

Question 11

chromatin

Answer 11

chromosomes plus a protein

Question 12

chromosomes

Answer 12

what DNA molecules are packaged in, in a cell

Question 13

clevage

Answer 13

seperation of the cells

Question 14

cleavage furrow

Answer 14

a shallow groove in the cell near the old metaphase plate

Question 15

cohesions

Answer 15

attachment of the sister chromatids

Question 16

cyclin dependent kinases

Answer 16

type of regulatory proteins responsible for controlling the cell cycle

Question 17

cytokinesis

Answer 17

the division of the cytoplasm

Question 18

density dependent inhibition

Answer 18

crowded cells will stop dividing

Question 19

G0 phase

Answer 19

when the cell does not receive the go-ahead signal, it will exit the cycle, switching into a nondividing state

Question 20

G1 phase

Answer 20

first gap

Question 21

G2 phase

Answer 21

second gap

Question 22

gametes

Answer 22

reproductive cells

Question 23

genome

Answer 23

all the DNA in a cell

Question 24

growth factors

Answer 24

stimulate cells to divide

Question 25

interphase

Answer 25

cell growth and copying of the chromosomes in preparation for cell division

Question 26

kinetochore

Answer 26

protein complex associated with centromeres

Question 27

malignant tumors

Answer 27

when cells invade surrounding tissues

Question 28

maturation promoting factor

Answer 28

a cyclin-Cdk complex that triggers a cell's passage past the G2 checkpoint into the M phase

Question 29

metaphase

Answer 29

when the chromosomes are all lined up at the metaphase plate

Question 30

metaphase plate

Answer 30

an imaginary plane midway between the spindles two poles

Question 31

metastasis

Answer 31

the spread of cancer cells

Question 32

mitosis

Answer 32

division of the genetic material

Question 33

mitotic spindle

Answer 33

a structure made of microtubules that controls chromosome movement during mitosis

Question 34

mitotic stage

Answer 34

mitosis and cytokinesis

Question 35

origin of replication

Answer 35

in binary fission where the beginning of chromosomal replication occurs

Question 36

prophase

Answer 36

the kinetochore forms, along with the mitotic spindles. By the end of prometaphase the two centrosomes are at the opposite ends of the cell

Question 37

S phase

Answer 37

synthesis

Question 38

sister chromatids

Answer 38

when DNA has been copied- joined copies of the original chromosomes

Question 39

somatic cells

Answer 39

non reproductive cells

Question 40

telophase

Answer 40

sister chromatids are separated at opposing ends of the cell

Question 41

transformation

Answer 41

cells that acquire the ability to divide indefinitely