Chapter 4 Flashcards by Joshua Lane

Blank is a popular desktop environment for Linux. Its the default desktop environment for openSUSE.

KDE Plasma

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Blank is built using the Qt widget set.

KDE Plasma

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Blank is the desktop environment for the Fedora and Ubuntu distributions and is built atop the GIMP toolkit widget set.

GNOME

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The blank desktop environment was initially available for only the Linux Mint distribution but is now supported by others.

Cinnamon

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The blank desktop environment is intended to consume few resources and therefore works well on old or modest computers

Lightweight X11 desktop environment (LXDE)

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The blank desktop environment was originally modeled on a commercial desktop known as CDE, but it is built using the GTK+ widget and offers more configurability than GNOME

Xfce

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Many desktop environments provide blank along a top, bottom, or side edge of the screen. One or more of these items can give you access to a preselected set of applications

Desktop menus

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In some desktop environments, you can place blank in the main area of the desktop. Clicking or double-clicking them launch the applications

Desktop icons

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Some desktop environments provide blank on the sides of screens where common applications appear. GNOME shell has these by default.

Panels

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You can sometimes right-click on an unused part of the screen to get a blank with a variety of options.

Context menus

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Some desktop environments provide an ability to blank a program by name.

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You can launch a program called blank , which provides a text-mode user interface and run either a text-based program or GUI program by typing in the filenames in the window.

terminal

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GNOME’s default file manager

GNOME Files (formerly Nautilus)

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The home locations refers to blank, that is, the directory where you store your own file

home directory

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You can add bookmarks, called blank in GNOME, for locations not shown in the main panel

Starred

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You can right click a file and select blank from the resulting drop-down menu, allowing you to use the open with tab.

Properties

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Name a few techniques to help you find suitable productivity applications (4)

Using desktop menus
Using search features
Using Tables or Equivalent
Using Other’s experitse

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Name the web browsers that Linux supports

Chrome
Firefox
Web
Konqueror
Lynx
Opera

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What type of web browsers does Linux not support

Microsoft web browsers

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Name the most popular web browser for Linux

Firefox

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Name some of the issues with browsing the web (5)

1) Websites can log user data
2) Web-content is dynamic, which means you could download malware
3) Malicious websites can trick users to providing sensitive information (phishing)
4) Some websites are not secure
5) Passwords are subject to theft

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Name some of the email clients for Linux (4)

Evolution
Kmail
Mutt
Thunderbird

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Name the email server closely associated with Firefox

Thunderbird

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Which office program was born out of a split from KOffice that offers Words, Stage, Sheets, Flow, and Kexi.

Calligra

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Which office suite was donated by Oracle and includes Writer, Calc, Impress, Base, Draw, and Math?

Apache OpenOffice

Which Office suite forked from Apache OpenOffice, is becoming the most popular office suite in Linux, and offers Writer, Calc, Impress, Base, Draw, and Math.

LibreOffice

Name 7 multimedia applications for Linux

Audacity Blender Castero GIMP ImageMagick Open Broadcaster Software Studio (OBS) Kdenlive

Which multimedia application is similar to Adope Photoshop and helped provide a basis for GNOME?

GIMP

Blank is the storage of computing software and/or data over the Internet, rather than storing it locally on your computer

Public cloud computing

Name some public cloud computing resources available for Linux

Netflix Dropbox Zoho office Gmail

Blank is slightly different technology in that the cloud is your computer (or home's network and its local resources instead of the Internet)

private cloud computing

Using Linux as the server, you can set up a private cloud for file hosting via one of which three software suite resources?

1) ownCloud 2) Nextcloud 3) FileCloud

Files that are stored locally is known by what term?

self-hosting

Although blank is a Linux-based OS, for the most part it runs entirely different applications than do desktop or server implementations of Linux.

Android

Networks, including the Internet, function by means of network blank, which define how two computers should exchange data to achieve a particular end.

protocols

Most protocols are described in one or more standard documents, known as blank, each of which has a number and defines the protocol.

request for comments (RFC) documents

Most network protocols involve transferring data over one or more blank, which are numbered resources on a computer.

ports

The blank is an old protocol for transferring files over a network. It supports both anonymous and password-mediated access. It's odd in that it uses two ports.

File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

What protocol uses ports 20 and 21?

FTP

Common server programs like oftpd, Proftpd, Pute-FTPd, and vcftpd uses which port(s)?

20 and 21

The blank is an encrypted remote access tool that supports file transfers and ecrypting other protocols.

Secure Shell (SSH)

What protocol uses port 22?

SSH

OpenSSH uses with port number?

Blank is an old unencrytped remote login protocol. It's seldom used today, but can be a useful network diagnostic tool.

Telnet

What protocol uses port 23?

Telnet

telnetd uses which port number?

The blank is the main protocol for moving email on the internet. The sender initiates the transfer.

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

What protocol uses port 25?

SMTP

Postfix, qmail, and sendmail use which port?

The blank enables computers to look up an IP address by providing a host name, or vice versa.

Domain Name System

What protocol uses port 53?

DNS

dnsmasq and named use which port number?

The blank and its younger cousin blank both enable a computer on a local network to help automatically configure other computers to use a network

Bootstrap protocol (BOOTP) Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

What protocols use port 67?

BOOTP, DHCP

dnsmasq and dhcpd operate on which port?

The blank is the basis of the World Wide Web.

Hypertext Transfer Protocol

Apache HTTPD and NGINX use what port numbers

80 443 (secured)

Which protocol uses port 80?

HTTP

The blank enables a recipient to initiate an email transfer, so it's often the last leg in email delivery, from a server to a recipient

Post Office Protocol (POP)

What protocol(s)uses ports 109-110?

POP2 and POP3

Courier, Cyrus IMAP, Dovecot, UW IMAP use what port number(s)?

109-110 143 200

The blank is a network-enabled database interface language.

Structured Query Language (SQL)

What protocol uses port 118?

SQL

MySQL, ProstgreSQL, and MariaDB use what port number?

118

Microsoft uses the Server Message Block(SMB)/Common Internet File System (CIFS) protocols for file and printer sharing, blank implements these protocols in Linux

Samba

What protocol(s) use ports 137-139?

SMB/CIFS

What port(s) does Samba use?

137-139

The blank is another recipient-initiated email transfer protocol, similar to POP, but makes it easier for recipients to store email on the server permanently

Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)

What protocol uses ports 143 and 200?

IMAP

The blank is a network protocol for accessing directories, which is in the context of a database.

Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)

What protocol uses port 389?

LDAP

OpenLDAP uses what port number?

389

What protocol is a secured (encrypted) variant of HTTP?

HTTPS

What protocol uses port 443?

HTTPS

The blank is a protocol, and a server of the same name, for file sharing between Unix and Unix-like OSs.

Network File System (NFS)

What protocol uses port 2049?

NFS

NFS uses which port number?

2049

A blank delivers web pages to internal and/or external network users

web server

Originally released in 1995, blank is a web server that is part of the prevalent Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP(LAMP) stack for web applications

Apache HTTPD

Released in 2002, the blank web server that can retrieve resources on behalf of a client from one or more servers, as well as operate as a mail server.

NGINX

A server program runs in the background, as a blank, that is a process that runs unattended

daemon

Most blank are started automatically when Linux boots

servers

Name three initialization daemons

System V init (SysV init) systemd Upstart

Some servers run via a blank, such as xinetd. These server programs run constantly, keeping the servers they manage unloaded except when they are needed

super server

Servers can contain blank that enable outsiders to abuse the software to run programs locally

bugs

You can blank a server, granting an outsider greater access to your system that you had intended

misconfigure

Even without breaking into a computer, an attacker can swamp a server with bogus data, thus shutting it down. This is called a blank attack.

Denial-of-service (DOS) attack

Blank is arguably the most important compiled language for Linux, since most of the kernel, as well as a huge number of Linux applications are written it it.

What is the extension for C's main source code files?

What is the extension for C's header files?

In Linux, C files are generally compiled with the blank program, which is part of the GNU Compiler Collection package.

gcc program

Many complex Linux programs such as KDE and Apache OpenOffice/ LibreOffice are written in what language

C++

Blank was created by Sun Microsystems (now owned by Oracle) as a cross-platform language that's somewhere between compiled and interpreted. It's become popular for small applications via websites

Java

Blank is an interpreted scripting language and is one of the most popular website programming language

JavaScript

An interpreted language, blank is designed for easy manipulation of text, but it's a general purpose language that can be used for many other tasks as well.

Perl

The blank was created for use on web servers in order to generate dynamic content-- that is content that varies depending on the user, the time of day , or some other criterion

PHP, hypertext Preprocessor

The blank interpreted language makes code readability a major goal. It's often used for scripting purposes, but can be used to write more complex programs too.

Python

Most Linux text-mode shells provide their own interpreted language. Of these blank is the most common.

Bourne Again Shell (bash)

Blank is a low level package tool used as the foundation of the Debian based family of PMS tools. It can be used to directly install, manage, and remove software packages, but it cannot download software packages from the repository.

dpkg

The blank tool is a low-level package tool similar to dpkg utility, but it is used for Red Hat Linux package management system

rpm

Blank is a tool for Debian PMS, which allows you to install software from the repositories and remove software packages from your local Linux system.

apt-get

Blank is text-mode tool for the Red Hat PMS which allows you to install software from the repositories and remove software packages from your local Linux system.

yum

Which of the following are Linux desktop environments? (choose all that apply) A. GTK+ B. GNOME C. KDE Plasma D. Evolution E. Xfce

B, C, E

If you want to enable one Linux computer to access files stored on another Linux computer's hard disk, which of the following network protocols is the BEST choice? A. SMTP B. NFS C. PHP D. DNS E. DHCP

In what language is most of the Linux kernel written in?

True or False: OpenOffice.org forked from Calligra

False

True or False: Malicious outsiders can disrupt services even if the computer that runs them is never broken into.

True

True or False: Python is generally implemented as an interpreted language.

True

Thunderbird is a blank program.

email client

A Linux server that handles the SMB/CIFS protocol normally runs the blank software

Samba

A program written in the blank programming language is completely converted to binary before being run.

compiled

You can install and manage various Linux software applications via a blank management system.

Package