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Linux Foundations > Chapter 1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

An blank provides all the fundamental features of a computer, at least from a software point of view.

A

OS

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2
Q

An blank is a software component responsible for managing various low-level features of the computer

A

OS kernel

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3
Q

Kernels are not blank, the Linux kernel is different than the macOS kernel.

A

interchangeable

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4
Q

Linux uses a kernel called blank

A

Linux

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5
Q

A student named blank created Linux kernel in 1991

A

Linus Torvalds

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6
Q

Years ago users interacted with computers exclusively by typing commands in a program known as what

A

shells

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7
Q

In Linux a shell known as blank is popular

A

the Bourne Again shell (bash)

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8
Q

A blank is an improvement on a text mode shell at least from the perspective of a novice user

A

graphical user interface (gui)

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9
Q

Linux relies on a GUI known as blank

A

X window system (or X for short)

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10
Q

X is a very basic gui, so Linux also uses blank like GNU Object Model Environment (GNOME) or the K Desktop Environment (KDE) to provide a more complete user experience

A

desktop environment program suites

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11
Q

Modern OSs invariably ship with a wide range of blank -calculators, calendars, text editors, etc.

A

utility programs

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12
Q

Blank are collections of programming functions that can be used by a variety of programs

A

Libraries

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13
Q

In Linux, most programs rely on a library called what?

A

libc

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14
Q

Major blank, like web browsers, word processors, graphical editors, etc, are the usual reason for using a computer are techinicaly separate from the kernel, but closely associated with it.

A

Productivity programs

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15
Q

In the past, sometimes even today, Linux computers booted in blank.

A

text mode

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16
Q

Key strokes to obtain a text mode prompt from a GUI

A

Ctrl-Alt-F2 or Ctrl-Alt-F3

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17
Q

Key strokes to return to GUI from text mode

A

Ctrl-Alt-F1 or Ctrl-Alt-F7

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18
Q

Type of prompt symbol for ordinary users

A

$

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19
Q

Type of prompt symbol for root user

A

#

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20
Q

You can type blank to see a list of files in the current directory

A

ls (short for list)

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21
Q

Command to copy files

A

cp

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22
Q

command to delete files

A

rm

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23
Q

Even if you use a graphical login, you can use a text-mode shell inside a window known as blank

A

terminal

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24
Q

Most users are more comfortable with blank than with text-mode commands

A

GUIs

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25
Q

Unlike Windows or Mac, Linux offers a variety of blank for you to choose from, ranging from GNOME, KDE plasma, Cinnamon, and Xfce

A

desktop environments

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26
Q

All Linux desktop environments provide what features (5)

A

Program Launchers
File Managers
Window Controls
Multiple Desktops
Logout Options

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27
Q

Blank was created in 1969 at At&T’s Bell Labs

A

Unix

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28
Q

Modern Linux systems are, by and large, the product of open source projects that clone blank, or the blank

A

Unix programs, or the original open source code projects for Unix

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29
Q

The Linux kernel was designed to be compatible with other Unix kernels in the sense that they used the same blank

A

software interfaces in source code

30
Q

The blank project is an effort by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) to develop open source replacements for all the core elements of a Unix OS

A

GNU’s Not Unix (GNU)

31
Q

Most Linux systems use the blank variety of the X window system, which is the GUI environment for most UNIX systems

A

Xorg-X11

32
Q

Historically, both Unix and Linux have been popular as blank - organizations use them to run web servers, database servers, email servers, and so on

A

database servers

33
Q

Linux runs the same blank as do other Unix-like OSs

A

User Productivity programs

34
Q

On the whole, Linux can be thought of as a member of the family of blank

A

Unix-like OSs

35
Q

Blank is a commercial UNix-based OS that borrows heavily from BSDs and discards the usual Unix GUI(X) in favor of its own interface

A

Apple macOS

36
Q

MacOS differs from Linux in its blank

A

user interface

37
Q

MacOS can run most of the same blank as Linux

A

terminal commands

38
Q

Native blank rarely make the transition to Linux

A

macOS applications

39
Q

Linux is a blank whereas Windows is a blank

A

open source OS
proprietary commercial OS

40
Q

What makes up a Linux-based OS (5)

A

A Linux kernel
Core Unix tools
Supplemental software
Startup Scripts
An installer

41
Q

Name 11 of the major Linux distributions

A

Arch
Centos
Debian
Fedora
Gentoo
Mint
openSUSE
Red Hat Enterprise
Slackware
SUSE Enterprise
Ubuntu

42
Q

Name the two major Linux distributions that are commercial

A

Red Hat Enterprise
SUSE Enterprise

43
Q

Name the two open source cousins of Red Hat Enterprise

A

CentOS
Fedora

44
Q

Name the free alternative for SUSE Enterprise

A

openSUSE

45
Q

Most Linux distributions distribute software in blank, which are collections of many files in one

A

packages

46
Q

Name two of the most common packages

A

RPM Package Manager
Debian

47
Q

What distribution uses tarballs for its packages

A

Slackware

48
Q

Most Linux distributions are available for what two platforms

A

x86 and x86-64

49
Q

After its release, a distribution is typically supported until when?

A

sometime after the next version’s release

50
Q

Blank is extremely new software and very likely to contain serious bugs

A

Alpha Software

51
Q

Blank software is more stable but more likely to contain bugs than its final release software

A

Beta software

52
Q

Blank describes running a small stripped-down Linux system on a small computer

A

Embedded systems

53
Q

Many cell phones today use a Linux-based OS known as blank

A

Android

54
Q

The term cloud computing is related to blank

A

distributed computing

55
Q

In distributed computing, blank are shared among two or more servers to accomplish a single task

A

resources

56
Q

In the blank cloud computing environment, a third party provides all of the computing resources outside of the organization

A

public

57
Q

In the blank computing environment, each individual organization builds it own cloud computing resources to provide resources internally

A

private

58
Q

In blank computing environment, cloud computing resources are provided internally within an organization but also connected to an external public cloud to help supplement resources when needed.

A

hybrid

59
Q

In the blank model, the cloud computing vendor provides low level server resources to host applications for organizations

A

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

60
Q

In the blank model, the cloud computing vendor provides both the physical server as well as the operating system environment to the customer

A

Platform as a Service (PaaS)

61
Q

In the blank model, the cloud computing vendor provides a complete application environment

A

Software as a Service (SaaS)

62
Q

Which of the following is a function of the Linux kernel (select all that apply):

A. Allocating memory for use by programs
B. Allocating CPU time for use by programs
C. Creating menus in GUI programs
D. Controlling access to hard disks
E. Enabling programs to use the network

A

A, B, D, E

63
Q

Which of the following is an example of an embedded OS?

A. Android
B. CentOS
C. Fedora
D. Mint
E. Red Hat

A

A

64
Q

Which of the following is a notable difference between MacOS and Linux?

A. Linux can run common GNU programs, whereas MacOS cannot
B. Linux’s GUI is based on the X window system, whereas MacOs is not.
C.Linux cannot run on Apple Macintosh hardware, whereas macOS can run only on Apple hardware
D. Linux relies heavily on BSD software, whereas maCOS does not
E. Linux supports text-mode commands, whereas macOS does not

A

B

65
Q

Where did the Linux kernel come from?

A. It was derived from Microsoft Windows
B, It was derived from Apple MacOS
C. It was derived from AT&T unix
D. It was derived from BSD unix
E.It was created by Linus Torvalds

A

E

66
Q

True or False - If you log into a Linux system in graphical mode, you cannot use text mode commands in that session

A

False

67
Q

True or False: CentOS is a Linux distribution with a long release cycle

A

True

68
Q

A Linux text mode prompt reads:

A. login:
B. welcome:
C. Enter:
D. userid:
E. Enter your userid:

A

A

69
Q

A common security problem with Windows that’s essentially nonexistent on Linux is

A. Commercial software
B. Network firewalls
C. Network routers
D. Viruses
E. Software Management packages

A

D

70
Q

Pre-release software that’s likely to contain bugs is called blank and blank

A

Alpha and Beta

71
Q

Linux distributions that have no version number but instead release upgrades in an ongoing manner have a(an) blank release

A

rolling

Linux Foundations (10 decks)

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