Chapter 12 Flashcards

1
Q

Linux is a blank, meaning that it provides features to help multiple individuals use the computer.

A

multiuser OS

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2
Q

Blanks enable multiple users to share the same computer without causing one another too much trouble

A

Accounts

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3
Q

Most account features are defined in the blank file, which consists of colon-delimited lines, with each line defining a single account.

A

/etc/password

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4
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record is the most relevant feature that usually consists of lowercase letters and numbers. It’s the first field.

A

username

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5
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record is the code that is required at login, and is the second field.

A

password

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6
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record is a number that tracks accounts and is the third field in a record (usually greater than 1000 for regular users)

A

user identification number (UID)

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7
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record tracks account to one or more collection of accounts with predefined permissions. It’s the fourth field in a record.

A

group identification number (GID)

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8
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record normally hods the user’s full name, although it can hold other information, and it comes after the GID.

A

Comment

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9
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record is a file directory listing for an account’s home base. It comes as the 6th field in the record.

A

Home directory

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10
Q

The blank field in the /etc/password record is associated with every account and is normally Bash.

A

Default shell

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11
Q

True or False: The password field in most modern /etc/password files is salted and hashed since the file is available to all users.

A

False

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12
Q

Where is the salted and hashed password actually stored?

A

the /etc/shadow file

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13
Q

Name the first field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Username

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14
Q

Name the second field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

password

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15
Q

Name the third field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Last password change

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16
Q

In the /etc/shadow file, how is the last password change displayed?

A

As the number of days since Jan 1, 1970

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17
Q

Name the fourth field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Days until a change is allowed

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18
Q

Name the fifth field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

days before a change is required

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19
Q

Name the sixth field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Days of warning before password expiration

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20
Q

Name the seventh field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Days between expiration and deacitvation

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21
Q

Name the eighth field in the record of the /etc/shadow file.

A

Expiration date

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22
Q

in the /etc/shadow file, how is the expiration date for the account displayed.

A

number of days since Jan 1, 1970

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23
Q

Name the ninth field in the record of the /etc/shadow file that is normally blank

A

Special flag

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24
Q

The blank file is used to define groups

A

/etc/group

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25
Q

Name the first field in the record of the /etc/group file.

A

group name

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26
Q

Name the second field in the record of the /etc/group file.

A

password

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27
Q

Name the third field in the record of the /etc/group file.

A

GID

28
Q

Name the fourth field in the record of the /etc/group file.

A

User list

29
Q

If you want to create that are associated with another group to which you belong (other than your primary group) use the blank command

A

newgrp

30
Q

What command displays your current user ID?

A

whoami

31
Q

If you need more information about your user ID, what command would you use?

A

id

32
Q

The id utility shows what three areas of identification?

A

1) Your userID and userName
2) Your current groups with GID
3) All your group memberships

33
Q

Name the option(s) for id that displays the effective group id

A

–group -g

34
Q

Name the option(s) for id that displays all groups to which you belong

A

–groups -G

35
Q

Name the option(s) for id that displays only the user data

A

–user -u

36
Q

Name the option(s) for id that when used in conjunction with -g, -G or -u lists only the name and not the ids

A

–name -n

37
Q

Name the option(s) for id that when used in conjunction with -g, -G or -u lists only the ids and not the name

A

–real -r

38
Q

To learn who is online, use the blank command

A

who

39
Q

When using the who command what fields are returned for each record?

A

Username, Terminal identifier, Login date and time, Remote host

40
Q

Which command with who provides as a summary the total number of users online

A

–count or -q

41
Q

What command is similar to whoami but displays more information

A

who am i

42
Q

As an alternative to who, the blank command provides even more verbose results

A

w

43
Q

In addition to the fields found in the results of a who command, what additional fields are added in w?

A

session’s idle time
JCPU (total amount of CPU time for session)
PCPU (total amount of CPU time for current process)
What column (program they are running)

44
Q

The blank user account has superuser privilege to manage the features of the computer as a whole

A

root

45
Q

Activities like browsing the web, writing letters, managing a music collection are known as blank

A

user tasks

46
Q

The root user exists to complete blank tasks like installing software, preparing a new disk, and managing ordinary user accounts

A

administrative tasks

47
Q

The root account has the ability to blank and blank every file on the computer

A

read write

48
Q

Name three ways you can acquire root privileges

A

login as root
use su
use sudo

49
Q

The blank command allows you to change your identity within a shell

A

su

50
Q

If you type su without a username after the command, you are switched to what account?

A

root

51
Q

When your are done with commands after using su, what do you type to relinquish the root user?

A

exit

52
Q

If you use a blank with the su command or a blank with a blank, you will switch users and open a login session that runs the target user’s login scripts, which usually sets up their environment variables

A

-
- username

53
Q

The blank command is similar to su, but it only allows you to run one command at a time

A

sudo

54
Q

Of the ways to get root user privileges, only the blank command tracks and logs a user’s activity to prevent a repudiation environment

A

sudo

55
Q

What two changes in the shell prompt let you know that you are using the root account

A

username is changed to root
the last character of the prompt is # instead of $

56
Q

What is the purpose of the system account with a UID of 0?

A

It’s the system administrator’s account

57
Q

What type of information will you find in the /etc/password for ordinary account users? (select all that apply)

A. A UID number
b. A complete listing of every group the user belongs
C. The path to the user accounts home directory
D. The path to the user account’s default GUI environment
E. The path to the user account’s default text-mode shell

A

A, C, E

58
Q

You want to run the cat /etc/shadow command as root, but you aren’t logged in. Which of the following commands will get the job done?

A. sudo cat /etc/shadow
B. root cat /etc/shadow
C. passwd cat /etc/shadow
D. su cat /etc/shadow
E. admin cat /etc/shadow

A

A

59
Q

True or False: whoami provides more information than id

A

False

60
Q

True or False: Linux stores information on its groups in the /etc/groups file

A

False

61
Q

True or False: As a general rule, you should provide extra care when running programs as root

A

True

62
Q

The file that associates usernames with UID numbers in Linux is blank

A

/etc/passwd

63
Q

To learn who is currently logged into the computer and what programs they are running, you can type blank

A

w

64
Q

UID above 0 and below 500 or 1000 are reserved for use by blank accounts

A

system

65
Q

A blank environment means that a person cannot deny actions, and the sudo command helps establish this environment

A

nonrepudiation