Chapter 14

Question 1

Every file has an associated blank and an associated blank.

Answer 1

owner
group

Question 2

The security model for Linux is based on blank.

Answer 2

Unix

Question 3

The blank number associates a file with an owner, whereas the blank number associates a file with a group.

Answer 3

UID
GID

Question 4

As blank, you can change the owner of a file or reassign the group, but only to a group that the owner is part of.

Answer 4

root

Question 5

What file manager can you run as root to change file permissions?

Answer 5

nautilus or GNOME Files

Question 6

The command to change the ownership of a file in the preferred text-mode manner is blank

Answer 6

chown

Question 7

When using chown, what do you have to include to signify a change to the group

Answer 7

owner:group

Question 8

What command allows you to change the group without changing the owner?

Answer 8

chgrp

Question 9

What option can you use with chown or chgrp to change the ownership of all the files in the same directory tree?

Answer 9

-R or –recursive

Question 10

What command (and option) should you use to see a file’s permissions?

Answer 10

ls -l

Question 11

The ls -l command returns what 7 columns

Answer 11

1) File permissions
2) Number of Links
3) Username
4) Group Name
5) File Size
6) Time Stamp
7) Filename

Question 12

The first character in the file permission’s is the blank

Answer 12

The file type code

Question 13

Which file type code is a normal data file?

Answer 13

-

Question 14

Which file type code is a directory

Answer 14

d

Question 15

Which file type code is a Symbolic link

Answer 15

l

Question 16

Which file type code is a named pipe

Answer 16

p

Question 17

Which file type code is a socket

Answer 17

s

Question 18

Which file type code is a block device

Answer 18

b

Question 19

Which file type code is a character device

Answer 19

c

Question 20

What are the three types of file permissions?

Answer 20

Owner Permissions
Group Permissions
World (or Other) Permissions

Question 21

In the three sets of permissions, what are the three types of access

Answer 21

read
write
execute

Question 22

In a file permission string (after the file type code), what does the dash represent?

Answer 22

absence of a permission

Question 23

What is the code for the ability to read a file?

Answer 23

r

Question 24

What is the code for the ability to write a file?

Answer 24

w

Question 25

What is the code for the ability to execute a file?

Answer 25

x

Question 26

The other way to display file permissions is a blank

Answer 26

octal code

Question 27

In octal code, what do you add to the starting permission of 0 to indicate the owner(or group or other) has permission to write a file

Answer 27

add 2

Question 28

In octal code, what do you add to the starting permission of 0 to indicate the owner(or group or other) has permission to read a file

Answer 28

add 4

Question 29

In octal code, what do you add to the starting permission of 0 to indicate the owner(or group or other) has permission to execute a file

Answer 29

add 1

Question 30

The octal code is a blank number

Answer 30

three digit

Question 31

Convert the permission string to octal code - rwxrwxrwx

Answer 31

777

Question 32

Convert the permission string to octal code - rwxrw-rw-

Answer 32

755

Question 33

Convert the permission string to octal code - rwxr-x---

Answer 33

750

Question 34

Convert the permission string to octal code - rw-rw-rw-

Answer 34

666

Question 35

Convert the permission string to octal code - rw-r--r--

Answer 35

644

Question 36

Convert the permission string to octal code - r--------

Answer 36

400

Question 37

Convert the permission string to octal code - rw-------

Answer 37

600

Question 38

Directories use the blank to grant permission to enter the directory and access files

Answer 38

execute bit

Question 39

Directories are files that are interpreted in a special way. As such, if a user can can blank to a directory, that user can create, delete, or rename files in the directory, even if the user isn't the owner of those files and does not have permission to write to those files

Answer 39

write

Question 40

Permissions on symbolic links are always blank, but the access applies only to the link file itself, not to the linked-to-file itself

Answer 40

777

Question 41

Many of the file permission rules don't apply to blank. They can read and write to any file, but they still need an execute bit set to run a program.

Answer 41

root

Question 42

Do you need root access to change the file permissions on the files you own?

Answer 42

No

Question 43

In the text-mode shell, you can use blank to change permissions

Answer 43

chmod

Question 44

When using chmod, you can specify the file permissions in what two ways?

Answer 44

octal or symbolic code

Question 45

When using chmod, changing via symbolic code consists of what three parts

Answer 45

A code for what set of permissions you want to change A symbol indicating whether you want to add, delete, or set the mode equal to the initial value A code setting the r,w,x values

Question 46

When using chmod, changing via symbolic code what does the a, u, g and o codes each stand for?

Answer 46

all user(owner) group other

Question 47

The blank determines the default permissions for new files and directories by removing the octal code provided from the default 666 for file permissions or 777 for directory permissions

Answer 47

user mask, or umask

Question 48

Typically, the umask file appears in a blank, like /etc/profile or in a blank like ~/.bashrc

Answer 48

system configuration file user configuration file

Question 49

Modifying a file requires the ability to write to the file, but creating or deleting a file requires blank

Answer 49

write access to the directory in which it resides

Question 50

With the blank set on a directory, Linux will permit you to delete a file only if you own it or the containing directory

Answer 50

sticky bit

Question 51

Name the two ways that you can set the sticky bit

Answer 51

1) Using chmod with octal code and a preceding 1(turn on) or 0(turn off) before the octal code 2) Using chmod on the o option with a +t to add sticky bit or -t to turn off sticky bit

Question 52

If a program needs to run with elevated privileges (like passwd), the blank option tells Linux to run the program with the permissions of whoever owns the file rather than with the permissions of the user who runs the program. It changes the x in symbolic code for the user to s

Answer 52

Set User ID (SUID)

Question 53

If a program needs to run with elevated privileges (like passwd), the blank option tells Linux to set the group of the running program to the group of the file. It changes the x in the group in symbolic code to s.

Answer 53

Set Group ID (SGID)

Question 54

Name the two ways to set the SUID and SGID

Answer 54

octal code - leading value (aside from the 777) to 4 for SUID, 2 to SGID or 6 for both symbolic code - chmod for just userid do u+(or- to turn off)s for SUID, g+(or-)s for SGID, or ug+(-)s for both

Question 55

What is the naming convention to hide files from commands like the ls command

Answer 55

put a preceding .(dot) to the file name to create a dot file

Question 56

What option can you include with ls to see dot files?

Answer 56

-a

Question 57

In the ls -la listing, if you see just a dot(.) where filename normally is what does that mean?

Answer 57

the current directory is hidden

Question 58

In the ls -la listing, if you see just a .. where filename normally is what does that mean?

Answer 58

the parent directory is hidden

Question 59

If you're working in a directory that holds many subdirectories, and if you use the wildcard with ls that matches one or more subdirectories, the result will show blank instead of the information on the subdirectories themselves

Answer 59

the files in the matched subdirectory

Question 60

If you use the blank option with ls -l, you will get information on subdirectories rather than the contents of those subdirectories

Answer 60

-d

Question 61

What command would you use type (as root) to change the ownership of somefile.txt from ralph to tony? A) chown ralph:tony somefile.txt B) chmod somefile.txt tony C) chown somefile.txt tony D) chown tony somefile.txt E) chmod tony somefile.txt

Answer 61

D

Question 62

Typing ls -ld wonderjaye reveals a symbolic file mode of drwxr-xr-x. Which of the following are true (select all that apply)? A) wonderjaye is a symbolic link B) wodnerjaye is an executable program C) wonderjaye is a directory D) woderjaye may be read by all users of the system E) wonderjaye may be written by any member of the file's group

Answer 62

C,D,

Question 63

Which of the following commands can you use to change a group? A) groupadd B) groupmod C) chmod D) ls E) chown

Answer 63

E

Question 64

True or False: A file with permission of 755 can be read by all users on the computer, assuming all users can read the directory in which it resides

Answer 64

True

Question 65

True or False: Only root users can use the chmod command

Answer 65

False

Question 66

True or False: Only root can change a file's ownership with chown

Answer 66

True

Question 67

The blank option causes chown to change ownership of an entire directory

Answer 67

-R

Question 68

The three character symbolic string blank represents read and execute permissions but no write permissions

Answer 68

r-x

Question 69

The chmod symbolic representation blank allows all users execute file access to a file without affecting other permissions

Answer 69

a+x

Question 70

You want to set the sticky bit on an existing directory, subdir, without otherwise altering its permissions. To do so, you would type chmod blank subdir

Answer 70

o+t