chapter 4

Question 1

cytoplasmic inheritence

Answer 1

mitochondria and chloroplast organelles can cause inheritance of rare diseases by mtRNA (mitochondrial)

Question 2

uniparental inheritence

Answer 2

only one parent is responsible for inheritence (usually mom’s cytoplasm and mitrochondria)

Question 3

linked genes

Answer 3

genes on same chromosome that form linkage group, do not assort independently

Question 4

how are linked genes inherited

Answer 4

inherited together but can be separated by crossing over

Question 5

about how many times does crossing over occur per chromosome during one meiosis

Answer 5

once or twice

Question 6

notation for unlinked genes

Answer 6

A/a ; D/d

Question 7

notation for linked genes

Answer 7

AB/ab

Question 8

closely linked genes

Answer 8

segregate together in dihybrid cross, results in all parental products (similar to monohybrid cross, aka punett that mofo)

Question 9

crossing over

Answer 9

non sister chromatids break and join reciprocally in prophase I, frq depends on distance between alleles

Question 10

recombination frequency

Answer 10

calculated with frq of product, percent of recombinant chromosomes reflects gene to gene distance

Question 11

recombo frq calculation

Answer 11

( total # of recombo / total progeny ) * 100

Question 12

map unit

Answer 12

used to measure distance between genes, centiMorgan with R = 1%

Question 13

independent assortment (recombo frq, description, gamete frq)

Answer 13

recombo frq: 50 %
description: unlinked genes
gamete frq: 1: 1: 1: 1

Question 14

crossing over (recombo frq, description, gamete frq)

Answer 14

recombo frq: 0 < R < 50
description: partially linked
gamete frq: < 1 : > 0 : > 0 : < 1

Question 15

linkage (recombo frq, description, gamete frq)

Answer 15

recombo frq: 0
description: strictly linked
gamete frq: 1: 0: 0: 1

Question 16

physical maps

Answer 16

using physical distance and number of base pairs

Question 17

genetic maps

Answer 17

shows distances between genes

Question 18

num of linkage groups =

Answer 18

num of chromosomes

Question 19

recombination maps _______ distance between close genes

Answer 19

underestimate

Question 20

three point mapping criteria (3)

Answer 20

1) Genotype of P should be Heterozygous at all loci
2) cross should be test cross (hetero x homo recess)
3) representative sample and sufficient offsprint

Question 21

typically, how many diff gametes are there in a three point map?

Answer 21

8 categories

Question 22

if categories are missing, what can you leave out?

Answer 22

double cross over

Question 23

Parental (NCO) Size

Answer 23

greater than 50%

Question 24

SCO

Answer 24

less than NCO, middle ground

Question 25

DCO

Answer 25

smallest, product of both SCO

Question 26

coefficient of coincidence

Answer 26

observed DCO / expected

Question 27

inference

Answer 27

1 - c.o.c

Question 28

inference meaning

Answer 28

-crossovers aren’t at random

Question 29

if inference increases, it shows _____ DCO

Answer 29

less

Question 30

if inference decreases, it shows ______ DCO

Answer 30

more