Chapter 4

Question 1

What is Cognition?

Answer 1

information processing

Question 2

What is Social Cognition?

Answer 2

attitudes, attributions, group dynamics (also agism and stereotyping))

Question 3

Every ___ years of age (on average) we remember one less word

Answer 3

25 years

Question 4

The “Information Processing Model” is based on three assumptions, what are they?

Answer 4

1) People are active participants in the process (we are actively processing info)

2) Both quantitative and qualitative aspects can be examined

3) Information is processed through a series of hypothetical stages/stores

Question 5

What are the three stages of memory

Answer 5

Sensory Store, Working memory, and Long term memory

Question 6

What is the Sensory Store?

Answer 6

Where new incoming information is first registered if attention is given

Question 7

What is the Working memory?

Answer 7

it encodes, stores and retrieves information, and also where we see aging differences

Question 8

Our working memory has a limited capacity, about ___ chunks (Miller)

Answer 8

7 chunks

Question 9

What is Episodic memory?

Answer 9

recalling information from a specific event or time, like a personal diary
ex. where did I park my car?

Question 10

What is Semantic memory?

Answer 10

Learning and remembering words/concepts (like a dictionary)

Question 11

What is Procedural memory?

Answer 11

Unconscious memory, like motor memory
ex. how to ride a bike, singing happy birthday

Question 12

What type of memory is kept for a very long time (never forget)

Answer 12

Remote memory

Question 13

What type of memory is about remembering information and events from ones own life

Answer 13

Autobiographical memory

Question 14

What is it called when you remember a specific event that you experienced very vividly (type of autobiographical memory)

Answer 14

Flashbulb Memory

Question 15

What is the Positivity effect?

Answer 15

Older adults prefer positive over negative material in cognitive processing

Question 16

What is the limited Time Mechanism?

Answer 16

the idea that its hard to memorize or do things if we dont have enough time to prepare

Question 17

What is the Simultaneity Mechanism?

Answer 17

If information is too slow coming in then we won’t remember, information needs to be available and come in at the same time

Question 18

What is the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis?

Answer 18

Age differences can be measured b differences in Inhibition (blocking out unnecessary information)

Question 19

According to the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis, attention requires _______ and _________. And limited resources for inhibition leads to an increased __________ ________.

Answer 19

Activation and Inhibition.

Increased Reaction Time

Question 20

According to the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis, Memory requires Inhibiting ___________ information and __________ unnecessary information

Answer 20

Irrelevant, removing

Question 21

What is the Social Cognitive Bias?

Answer 21

The theory that internalizing negative old age stereotypes makes us do bad on tasks

Question 22

What is a Stereotype Threat?

Answer 22

The fear of being judged on a negative stereotype about a group you belong too.

Question 23

What is a Stereotype Lift?

Answer 23

Hearing a stereotype about yourself makes you want to do better and motivates you