Chapter 4 Flashcards
What is Cognition?
information processing
What is Social Cognition?
attitudes, attributions, group dynamics (also agism and stereotyping))
Every ___ years of age (on average) we remember one less word
25 years
The “Information Processing Model” is based on three assumptions, what are they?
1) People are active participants in the process (we are actively processing info)
2) Both quantitative and qualitative aspects can be examined
3) Information is processed through a series of hypothetical stages/stores
What are the three stages of memory
Sensory Store, Working memory, and Long term memory
What is the Sensory Store?
Where new incoming information is first registered if attention is given
What is the Working memory?
it encodes, stores and retrieves information, and also where we see aging differences
Our working memory has a limited capacity, about ___ chunks (Miller)
7 chunks
What is Episodic memory?
recalling information from a specific event or time, like a personal diary
ex. where did I park my car?
What is Semantic memory?
Learning and remembering words/concepts (like a dictionary)
What is Procedural memory?
Unconscious memory, like motor memory
ex. how to ride a bike, singing happy birthday
What type of memory is kept for a very long time (never forget)
Remote memory
What type of memory is about remembering information and events from ones own life
Autobiographical memory
What is it called when you remember a specific event that you experienced very vividly (type of autobiographical memory)
Flashbulb Memory
What is the Positivity effect?
Older adults prefer positive over negative material in cognitive processing
What is the limited Time Mechanism?
the idea that its hard to memorize or do things if we dont have enough time to prepare
What is the Simultaneity Mechanism?
If information is too slow coming in then we won’t remember, information needs to be available and come in at the same time
What is the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis?
Age differences can be measured b differences in Inhibition (blocking out unnecessary information)
According to the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis, attention requires _______ and _________. And limited resources for inhibition leads to an increased __________ ________.
Activation and Inhibition.
Increased Reaction Time
According to the Inhibitory Deficit Hypothesis, Memory requires Inhibiting ___________ information and __________ unnecessary information
Irrelevant, removing
What is the Social Cognitive Bias?
The theory that internalizing negative old age stereotypes makes us do bad on tasks
What is a Stereotype Threat?
The fear of being judged on a negative stereotype about a group you belong too.
What is a Stereotype Lift?
Hearing a stereotype about yourself makes you want to do better and motivates you
