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Psych 329 Aging > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two categories of theories for aging?

A

Programmed Theories = aging is genetically programmed (if so twins would drop dead the same day)

Error theories = aging is due to random damage from what we’re exposed to in our environment

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2
Q

What is the “Good genes gone bad” theory

A

the idea that evolution has selected living animals in species that are good for reproduction but are less important after that period has passed

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3
Q

What is the term for the loss of the ability for cells to reproduce

A

Replicative senescence

human cells can reproduce 50 times

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4
Q

What theory proposes that a faulty immune system attacks the body’s cells (our immune system is programmed to stop working eventually)

A

The Autoimmune theory

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5
Q

What theory proposes that Aging is caused by environmental damage to systems in our bodies, and that this damage accumulates over time

A

Error/Random Aging theories

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6
Q

What theory proposes that our bodies wear out due to use over time

A

Wear and Tear theory

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7
Q

What is Intrinsic aging?

A

gradual and irreversible changes in our structure and function that occurs due to the passage of time (primary aging)

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8
Q

What is Extrinsic aging?

A

aging due to external factors like diet, exercise, exposure to sunlight, and smoking

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9
Q

What is it called when a person looses hair more than the average person and how does it differ between the genders?

A

Androgenetic Alopecia
men = hairline recedes, leads to baldness, happens around age 50

women = hair becomes thinner, doesn’t usually lead to full baldness

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10
Q

Caucasians tend to get grey hair __ to __ years earlier than those of African or Asian descent.

A

5-10

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11
Q

What causes hair to grow everywhere but the head as we age?

A

We gain hair in extra places because of hormonal changes

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12
Q

What term refers to age related voice changes

A

Presbyphonia

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13
Q

What age does Presbyphonia usually occur and how does it differ with men and women

A

Occurs around age 60

men = higher pitch
women = lower pitch

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14
Q

What are some characteristics of Presbyphonia and how can we avoid it?

A
  • reduction in volume and projection
  • tremor/shakiness in the voice
  • reduced vocal endurance

you can prevent it with practice, reading out loud for 5-10 minutes 2-3 times a day

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15
Q

What are some characteristics of Age related vision changes

A
  • Older people need more light and have a hard time adjusting to dark and light adaptation
  • Increased sensitivity to glare
  • decreased visual acuity (20-60)
  • poor color discrimination for short wavelengths (blues, purples, and greens)
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16
Q

What is it called when focusing near-far and far-near takes longer for older people

A

Presbyopia (not a disease, just primary aging)

17
Q

Presbyopia tends to occur more with _____ people, and can start as early as ___ but occurs late ___s

A

short people, 35, 40s

18
Q

Why does Presbyopia occur?

A

Because of the stiffening and thickening of the lens and atrophy of ciliary muscles

19
Q

What type of abnormal vision disorder causes blurry vision and scattering of light rays

A

Cateracts
- can interfere with color vision and cause limitations in daily activities

20
Q

What are possible causes of Cateracts?

A

Heredity
injury
disease
sunlight
smoking

21
Q

What is a highly effective treatment for Cateracts

A

Surgery

22
Q

What eye disorder occurs because of buildup of pressure in the eye (to optic nerve), causing a lack of peripheral vision

A

Glaucoma

23
Q

What is a possible treatment for Glaucoma

A

Eyedrops

24
Q

What term describes the inability to hear high-pitched tones, what is it caused by?

A

Presbycusis

changes in the cochlea

25
Q

By age 70, ____% have it

A

50%

26
Q

What term describes a loss of smell, that is very serious and often combined with other issues (memory decline and Alzheimers)

A

Anosmia

27
Q

What age does Anosmia usually occur?

A

80

28
Q

Research indicates that tactile thresholds increase significantly with age and thresholds for pain and temperature, what does thus mean?

A

That it takes an older person longer to recognize that hot water is hot or can’t tell the difference between sand and normal paper, takes more time to recognize pain

Psych 329 Aging (15 decks)

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