Chapter 3 pt.2 Flashcards
What is Cardiovascular Disease?
Its an umbrella term for conditions liker arteriosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and stroke
The risk of death from cardiovascular diseases is ____% for 25-34 year olds and _____% for 85+ year olds
7.4%, 42.4%
What are some causes of cardiovascular diseases that are controllable
Obesity
High cholesterol
Tobacco use
Being poor
Excessive alcohol
What is an Innate Immune system
The immune system present at birth, that includes physical barriers, chemical barriers (ex.stomach acid, saliva), and white blood cells
What is an Adaptive Immune System
An immune system that adapts over time through exposure to certain “pathogens”. B or T cells are activated through immunological memory and builds up resistance (vaccines)
What are 3 facts about the Innate and Adaptive immune systems and aging
1) Both innate and adaptive immune systems decline with age
2) infectious diseases account for roughly 1/3 of death in people ages 65+
3) Hospital/long-term care stays can increase the risk for exposure to infections
What disease causes trouble for your body to produce insulin or can’t properly use the insulin it produces, resulting in difficulty regulating blood sugars
Diabetes Mellitus
What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Type 1 = when your insulin defendant and usually develops earlier in life (its harder to tell if you need insulin)
Type 2 = Develops in adulthood and is managed through diet
How does Diabetes affect a person in regards to the Biopsychosocial model
Biological = changes in glucose metabolism
Psychological = Sedentary lifestyle, depression and stress
Social = Habitual eating patters, lack of education (low understanding), low economic resources
What is the function for Thyroid Hormones
To control the Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
The Basal Metabolic Rate slows down in middle age partly due to __________ in thyroid hormones
Decreases
_____________ Hypothyroidism is a thyroidism that’s at a level where you won’t get prescribed anything because its “not as bad,” but you still feel symptoms, and it effects ___ - ___% of 60+ year olds
Subclinical Hypothyroidism 15-18
Why does our height decrease as we age?
Due to loss of bone mineral in the vertebrae
What disease is characterized by a decrease in the density and quality of the bone?
Osteoporosis
What are 3 changes in weight as we age?
1) Fat free mass (FFM) decreases (because bone and muscle mass decreases)
2) Body mass index (BMI) increases from the 20s to 50s
What percent of our weight is lost by 80?
50%
Progressive declines in muscle mass and strength begins in ones ___s and ___s but can be prevented by ________.
30s and 40s, exercise
What type of musculoskeletal system disease thinns the cartilage of bone joints and causes them to rub together (can happen to one part of the body)
Osteoarthritis
What type of musculoskeletal system disease causes bone erosion and swelling of the synovial membrane (happens to either sides of the body)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Changes in the _________ system impacts balance
Vestibular system
What are some age related changes in Neurons
- number of neurons declines
- number and size of dendrites decreases
- tangles develop in axon fibers
- synapses decrease
What is Menopause?
A reduction in estrogen/progesterone and the onset of fertility that occurs mid to late 40s in women
What are some characteristics of Menopause
Hot flashes
Insomnia
Vaginal dryness
Mood swings
Depression
Night sweats
Weight gain
Treatments to menopause include hormone replacement therapies, but why isn’t it as common
Because hormone replacement therapies can be risky and can lead to cancer or cardiovascular disease
What is Andropause?
Menopause for men, that is decreases in testosterone.
- changes in sexual function
- changes in sleep patters
- physical, emotional, and cognitive changes
How do our kidneys change as we age?
- they get smaller and blood flow to the kidneys decreases
- volume of fluid through kidneys decreases
- losses the ability to balance amount of salt and acid in body (not able to excrete as quickly)
Why is it dangerous that our kidney looses the ability to excrete chemicals as easily
because if were taking medications and our body isn’t getting rid of it fast enough, then we can overdose
What happens to our bladder as we age (related to kidney)
Bladder tissue declines in the capacity to hold urine. Frequency to pee increases
What percent of older adults have an overactive bladder, and what percentage of thee people are not treated due to stereotypes and normalcy
25%, 76%
Why would someone with an overactive bladder me lonelier
Because it stops them from doing a lot of things
How is our sleep effected as we age?
Our total sleep time decreases, and our REM sleep decreases
