Chapter 1

Question 1

What are the two correct ways to refer too people who are a lot older

Answer 1

“Older person” or “Older adult”

Question 2

There are 4 key principles to the study of development, which was created by who?

Answer 2

Baltes

Question 3

There are 4 key principles to the study of development, what are they?

Answer 3

1.History/Context
2.Plasticity
3.Multiple Causality
4.Multi-directionality

Question 4

Explain the History/Concept principle of studying development

Answer 4

People develop under different circumstances that are influenced by the time and culture that we are living in

Question 5

Explain the “Plasticity” principle of studying development

Answer 5

The idea that many skills can be taught or improved with practice (there are limits) or can decline
eg. memory decreases with age, vocabulary expands with age

Question 6

Explain the “multiple Causality” principle of studying development

Answer 6

How an individual develops is shaped by biological, psychological and sociocultural factors (there are multiple ways in which we are developing)

Question 7

Explain the “Multi-directionality” principle of development

Answer 7

Aging can involve both increases and decreases, a person can gain a skill and loose another
eg. putting a kid in formal school might make the kid more smart but they might loose their creativity

Question 8

What is the difference between “Normative History-Graded” and “Normative Age-Graded”

Answer 8

Normative history graded are events that effect everyone
eg. 9/11, worldwide web, covid

Normative age-graded are cultural norms, things that happen at a certain age in life (social clock)
eg. getting your license at 16

Question 9

What are some examples of “Non-Normative events”

Answer 9

Winning the lottery, getting a phD, getting a divorce, getting sick (disease), loosing a parent

Question 10

What ages would be considered
65-74
75-84
85+
100-109
110+

Answer 10

65-74 = young old
75-84 = old-old
85+ = Oldest old
100-109 = Centenarians
110+ = Super Centenarians

Question 11

What type of age is how many years you’ve been alive?

Answer 11

Chronological Age

Question 12

What type of age describes how your organ systems are functioning

Answer 12

Biological age

Question 13

What type of age describes your mental functioning like IQ, memory, and reaction time

Answer 13

Psychological age

Question 14

What type of age describes how social you are, if you have peers, and if your retired

Answer 14

Social age

Question 15

What is your Functional Age?

Answer 15

Psychological age + Biological age + Social age

Question 16

What is Primary Aging?

Answer 16

Normal age-related changes that are disease free, just normal
eg. wrinkles, grey hair, slower reaction time

Question 17

What is Secondary Aging?

Answer 17

Disease related impairments that are “common” with age
eg. diabetes, cancer, alzheimers

Question 18

What is Tertiary Aging?

Answer 18

A rapid decline shortly before death
- can be natural causes
- 1 year to 6 months before

Question 19

What is Optimal Aging?

Answer 19

Changes that Improve an individuals functioning (like older people having a better vocabulary)

Question 20

What year was there an equal amount of people under 15 and over 64?

Answer 20

2016

Question 21

After what year did the total fertility rate start to decline? Why?

Answer 21

After 1961
- birth control
- women joining the work force

Question 22

Why is there more older people than younger people right now?

Answer 22

better healthcare, childhood diseases, not many children to replace older people

Question 23

What is Agism?

Answer 23

The stereotyping of older people because they are old

Question 24

What percent of tolerated prejudice is agism?

Answer 24

52%

Question 25

What is it called when there are “rules” and “practices” that discriminate against older groups because they are old
eg. Mandatory retirement

Answer 25

Institutional Ageism

Question 26

What is it called when someone takes advantage of the fact that someone is an older person
eg. scam artists targeting older people

Answer 26

Intentional Agism

Question 27

What is it called when participants are unaware of bias against a person or group because of their older age
eg. elderspeak

Answer 27

Unintentional Agism

Question 28

What is Personal Agism?

Answer 28

Bias against a person or group based on their old age

Question 29

What are the 3 types of stereotypes of agism?

Answer 29

Succession, Consumption, and Identity

Question 30

What is Succession?

Answer 30

The idea that older adults have “had their turn” and should make room for younger generations (like mandatory retirement)

Question 31

What is the Identity Stereotype?

Answer 31

The idea that old people should “act their age” and not talk or dress like younger people

Question 32

What is Consumption?

Answer 32

The idea that limited resources should be spent on young people instead of older people