Chapter 4

Question 1

What are attitudes and behaviours

Answer 1

Favourable or unfavourable evaluations of people, ideas, or objects

Question 2

What are the 3 components of attitudes and behaviours

Answer 2

The three ABC’s
-Affective
-Behavioural
-Cognitive

Question 3

Explicit measures

Answer 3

These are the most common, psychological scales designed to measure attitudes and asking someone how they feel about different people, ideas, or objects, high in face validity and self-presentation concerns, and difficult to detect statisficing

Question 4

Implicit measures

Answer 4

Measure an attitude without asking for an evaluation

Question 5

Facial electromyography (fEMG)

Answer 5

measures facial muscle movements, subtle reactions reveal attitudes and must be done in a lab

Question 6

AI affect reading technology

Answer 6

Noldus FaceReader, facial reactions reveal attitudes and it is less invasive

Question 7

Implicit association test

Answer 7

the most popular, tests reaction times while categorising images and words, quicker times = stronger associations, it is the most cost and time effective

Question 8

is it more common to rely on explicit or implicit measures

Answer 8

more common to rely on explicit measures, it is much more cost effective and easier to use

Question 9

when are attitudes formed

Answer 9

they are formed early, race and gender tend to diverge between when attitudes form

Question 10

is IAT reliable for comparing individuals

Answer 10

no, alone it is not reliable in comparing individuals

Question 11

what system do implicit attitudes occur in

Answer 11

system 1

Question 12

what system do explicit measures occur in

Answer 12

system 2

Question 13

can attitudes predict behaviour

Answer 13

yes, but only under certain circumstances

Question 14

foot-in-the-door technique

Answer 14

getting people to agree to a smaller request then later presenting a larger request for people to comply easier with the larger one

Question 15

low-ball technique

Answer 15

pitching a low offer to someone then increasing the price after they agree

Question 16

what are the three reasons that the low-ball technique works

Answer 16

1. false belief a commitment exists
2. anticipation of an exciting event
3. not worth time going elsewhere

Question 17

door-in-the-face technique

Answer 17

leading with an unreasonable request then following with a more reasonable request

Question 18

immoral acts

Answer 18

a small lie with no consequences which eventually leads to larger lies

Question 19

moral acts

Answer 19

moral action, when chosen elicits moral attitudes

Question 20

impression management

Answer 20

to avoid appearing inconsistent, we express attitudes that match our behaviour which may require some insincerity or hypocrisy

Question 21

What are two common theories for impression management

Answer 21

cognitive dissonance theory and self-perception theory

Question 22

cognitive dissonance theory

Answer 22

anxiety/tension resulting from two opposing cognition’s behaving in a way that is contrary to our attitudes to vice versa

Question 23

insufficient external justification

Answer 23

needing another way to solve our anxiety/tension

Question 24

self-perception theory

Answer 24

when unsure of our attitudes we observe

Question 25

facial feedback hypothesis

Answer 25

we can invoke specific affect by making certain facial expressions

Question 26

self-affirmation theory

Answer 26

experiencing self-image threat following undesirable behaviour