Chapter 1

Question 1

What is Social Psychology

Answer 1

The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another

Question 2

How many fundamental components are in the definition and what are they

Answer 2

3 fundamental components.
- Scientific evidence
- Think about, Influence, and Relate
- One Another

Question 3

Scientific Evidence Component

Answer 3

Gathering evidence to support theories and ideas.

Question 4

Think about, Influence, and Relate Component

Answer 4

Can be boiled down into 3 interconnected ingredients:
- Thoughts, Emotions, Behaviours

Question 5

Can the pieces of Social Psychology work alone?

Answer 5

If you do not have 1, the pieces do not work as well. It is difficult to have one without the other

Question 6

One Another Component

Answer 6

The “Social” in Social Psych. How other people influence us and how we relate to others

Question 7

Social Thinking

Answer 7

How we perceive others and ourselves, what we believe, judgements we make, our attitudes

Question 8

What are the 4 social Influence’s

Answer 8

Culture and biology, pressures to conform, persuasion, groups of people

Question 9

What are the 5 social Relations

Answer 9

Helping, aggression, attraction and intimacy, prejudice

Question 10

What is the difference between Social Psych and Sociology

Answer 10

Social Psych looks at people as individuals, Sociology looks at large groups and how they interact with each other

Question 11

What are Social Psychologists interested in

Answer 11

They are interested in individuals, what they do and take the data about individuals and coolant it. They are not interested in class, culture, etc but sometimes there may be aspects where they will be interested in culture

Question 12

Is Social Psych subjective

Answer 12

There is no right or wrong way to do social psych, the perspectives we have are shaped by our values and attitudes

yes it is subjective, it is based on our personal values and attitudes

Question 13

Labelling

Answer 13

Based on our values and attitudes, also our point of view on a situation. Ex. Freedom fighter v. Terrorist: how we label them depends on how we view the events in play

Question 14

Naturalistic Fallacy

Answer 14

What we see most often is seen as inherently good. If something falls outside the norm or what the vast majority can agree on then it ‘must’ be bad

Question 15

Hindsight Bias

Answer 15

Believing information was ‘common sense’. The idea is if you know the outcome anyone could say they knew that outcome was bound to happen

Question 16

What is an issue with hindsight bias

Answer 16

Assuming personal experiences yield data and research, but everyone’s experiences are unique to them / Assuming that something that is common sense to you is also common sense to everyone else

Question 17

Hypothesis

Answer 17

An assumption or idea of what we expect to find from our research, these are crafted from literature and previous research

Question 18

Theories

Answer 18

Organized set of principals formed to explain things with supportive data

Question 19

Can hypotheses be derived from theories?

Answer 19

Yes, hypotheses can also be derived from previous research and observations of everyday life. But Theories cannot be drawn from hypotheses.

Question 20

Operationalization

Answer 20

Defining a concept based on how we intend to measure it. Operational Definition.

Question 21

How do we provide an operational definition

Answer 21

By describing our intentions or trying to provide people with information on how we are going to measure something

Question 22

How many research designs are there and what are they

Answer 22

There are 3 research designs:
- Observational, Correlational, Experimental

Question 23

Observational Method

Answer 23

Watching people and recording their behaviour. Access notes, documents, or archives that describe a group or cultures behaviour

Question 24

Correlational Method

Answer 24

Measuring 2+ variables to determine their relationship. Correlational Coefficient (-1.0 to +1.0)

Question 25

Positive Correlation

Answer 25

Two variables in the same direction

Question 26

Negative Correlation

Answer 26

One variable goes up, one variable goes down

Question 27

Experimental Method

Answer 27

Create conditions to determine differences in groups. Experimental and control groups

Question 28

Independent Variable

Answer 28

Manipulated to create different conditions

Question 29

Dependent Variable

Answer 29

Measures to see if it is influenced by the independent variable

Question 30

Mundane Realism

Answer 30

How well does the experiment reflect on the real world

Question 31

Experimental Realism

Answer 31

Are participants engrossed in the tasks, do the tasks elicit authentic responses and reactions

Question 32

Cover story / Deception

Answer 32

Omitting details or lying about the study you are conducting

Question 33

Why do people lie about details of a study

Answer 33

It can help avoid bias, or a self selected detail. This works for multiple kinds of research

Question 34

Ethical Considerations

Answer 34

Tri-Council Policy
- Must be honest after the study
- Must get informed consent
- Cannot lie to participants and send them away after the study is complete

Question 35

What happens if you violate TCP ethics

Answer 35

You will be blacklisted by any ethics department that knows of any violations made

Question 36

Basic Research

Answer 36

General questions of why people behave the way they do. Usually theoretical and laboratory based work. We do this for knowledge expansion

Question 37

Applied Research

Answer 37

Specific questions about social problems or issues. Usually practical and community based research. We do this for betterment of humans