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Social Psychology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

Prejudice & Discrimination

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1
Q

Prejudice

A

Our attitudes and evaluations of people, ideas or objects that are usually negative and based on someone’s social group affiliation

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2
Q

Can prejudice be positive

A

Sometimes, but it is always problematic

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3
Q

Stereotypes

A

Hyper-generalized beliefs about groups that can be positive or negative and simplifies processing of our social world

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4
Q

Discrimination

A

Individual or institutional behaviours and actions that are usually negative and based on someone’s social group affiliation like age, body shape/size, and ability status

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5
Q

Does prejudice equal discrimination

A

No, but prejudice can lead to discrimination

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6
Q

Implicit prejudice

A

Implicit prejudice is in our autonomic attitudes (system 1) and in the unconscious mind

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7
Q

Explicit prejudice

A

Explicit prejudice is in our conscious attitudes (system 2) and can describe a person’s prejudice, we have control over these on whether we express them or not

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8
Q

Dual-attitude system

A

May consciously believe we are tolerance but our automatic responses tell a different story

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9
Q

Measuring prejudice

A

Explicit measures are most common and we determine it by how a person feels about different groups

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10
Q

Implicit measures

A

Measured by facial electromyography (EMG), AI affect reading technology, and Implicit association test (IAT)

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11
Q

What are the two types of ambivalent sexism

A

Hostile and Benevolent

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12
Q

Hostile Sexism

A

Blatant negative attitudes towards women and strong women being perceived as a threat

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13
Q

Benevolent Sexism

A

Seemingly positive and belief that women need to be valued and taken care of

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14
Q

Social Identity Theory

A

Ingroup membership is a source of pride, self-esteem, and belonging we exaggerate differences between our ingroups and outgroups

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15
Q

What is an ingroup

A

An ingroup is a group we belong to

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16
Q

What is an outgroup

A

An outgroup is a group we do not belong to

17
Q

What are the 3 stages of social identity theory

A
  1. Categorization
  2. Identification
  3. Comparison
18
Q

Ingroup bias

A

A tendency to favour the ingroup and value belonging to a group

19
Q

Infrahumanization / Dehumanization

A

Denying human attributes to outgroups

20
Q

Terror Management Theory

A

Humans are uniquely aware of inevitable death which leads to stress requiring reinforcement of our cultural worldview

21
Q

Scapegoat Theory

A

Displaced aggression when source of frustration is unknown or intimidating, ex. holding an entire group responsible for an event

22
Q

Realistic group conflict theory

A

Prejudice that manifests when groups compete for scarce resources and can be subjective. Leading to an increase in stereotypes and prejudice for outgroups

23
Q

Social Dominance Orientation

A

The motivation to have one’s ingroup be dominant over outgroups

24
Q

Ethnocentrism

A

Believing in the superiority of one’s cultural group and looking down on all other groups, which tends to possess several characteristics

25
Q

Characteristics of Ethnocentrism

A
  1. Intolerance for weakness
  2. A punitive attitude
  3. Submissive respect for leaders
26
Q

Right Wing Authoritarianism

A

Rooted in ethnocentrism and is the combination of three different attitude clusters

27
Q

Submission

A

Obey their leader without question

28
Q

Aggression

A

Directed at groups identified as legitimate targets by leaders

29
Q

Conventionalism

A

Conforming to an usually high degree to traditional norms

30
Q

Out-group homogeneity effect

A

Perception outgroup members are more similar to each other compared to ingroup members

31
Q

Own-race bias

A

The tendency to recognize faces of our own race

32
Q

Distinctiveness

A

We focus on elements that capture our attention, vivid cases can influence recall and minority perpetrators are typically identified

33
Q

Ultimate Attribution Error

A

Outgroup behaviour seen as more negative due to members dispositions and ingroup behaviour is due to situational factors. It reinforces negative stereotypes and prejudice related to outgroups

34
Q

Stereotype Threat

A

Compromised performance when trying to disprove the content of a stereotype in effect and manifests in three ways

35
Q

What are the three ways that stereotype threat manifests in

A
  1. Stress
  2. Self-monitoring
  3. Suppressing unwanted thoughts and emotions
36
Q

Minority Stress Theory

A

Members of groups experiencing chronic prejudice and discrimination experience high levels of stress

Social Psychology (8 decks)

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