Chapter 2

Question 1

Spotlight Effect

Answer 1

We see ourselves as the main event. We believe people are paying more attention to us than they really are

Question 2

Illusion of Transparency

Answer 2

These are similar assumptions regarding our emotions such as anxiety, fear, etc. We believe people can read us like a book, but people cannot look at us and know something is wrong

Question 3

Can we prevent SE and IOT

Answer 3

Just by having knowledge of these two concepts we can prevent ourselves from falling into believing these concepts

Question 4

What is SE and IOT based on

Answer 4

These are based on our sense of self and self concept

Question 5

What is self-concept

Answer 5

This is the cognitive summary of info you know about yourself, it is like a database containing this information

Question 6

What are self-schema’s

Answer 6

This is the cognitive framework that organizes information about ourselves, containing the core elements of who we are

Question 7

What is self-reference effect

Answer 7

We have better information detection if we relate it directly to ourselves and it can lead to an increase in depth of processing

Question 8

What is individualism

Answer 8

This is the idea of independent self, defining the self through your own thoughts, feelings, and behaviours

Question 9

Where are the individualism self concepts

Answer 9

Western Cultures

Question 10

What is Collectivism

Answer 10

This is the idea of Interdependent self, defining the self through relationships with others

Question 11

Where are the collectivism self concepts

Answer 11

Asian Cultures

Question 12

Individualism V. Collectivism

Answer 12

Individualists tend to focus more on the focal point of a photo, picture, or image and Collectivists tend to notice the background of of a photo, picture, or image

Question 13

Collectivists self esteem

Answer 13

Self esteem is more malleable. They are able to shape or reshape their self esteem depending on the group they are with or situation they are in

Question 14

Individualists self esteem

Answer 14

Self esteem is more stable. There is not a lot of variability in who we view ourselves as

Question 15

Downward Social Comparison

Answer 15

Comparing ourselves to someone worse than us in a particular trait or ability, Comparing ourselves to someone in a worse off situation, Comparing our present self to our past self in an area where we have improved

Question 16

Upward Social Comparison

Answer 16

Comparing ourselves to someone who is better than us in a particular trait or ability, Comparing ourselves to someone in a better off conversation, Comparing our present self to our past self in an area where we have worsened

Question 17

Cultural differences in comparison

Answer 17

Asian Canadians tend to upwards compare with people and European Canadians tend to downwards compare with people

Question 18

Looking Glass Self

Answer 18

How we perceive others to see us, it is context dependent. Supportive being approving of our behaviour and Critical being disapproving of our behaviour

Question 19

Planning Fallacy

Answer 19

When we underestimate how long a task will take. We can recognize we are prone to this and re-examine our estimates

Question 20

Impact Bias

Answer 20

Overestimating the impacts of emotions and fail to recognize the power of our coping mechanisms

Question 21

Self-Efficacy

Answer 21

Believing in our abilities to do something, our perceived competency of a skill

Question 22

Self Serving Bias

Answer 22

Viewing ourselves in a more positive light and often refusing to acknowledge our own personal biases