Chapter 4 Flashcards
Genotype
Genes
-example: having the gene for brown eyes
Phenotype
Expression
-example: expression
-Does not have to be physical trait
Dominant
Expressed
-B-dominant brown eye allele
Recessive
Recessive
-not always expressed, but present
-b-recessive blue eye allele
Behavioral Genetics
How genes influence behaviors, traits,
abilities
Behavioral Genetics has….
- Found genetic links for MANY behaviors/mental health issues
–Depression
– Learning disabilities
–Alcohol abuse
(anything that is not your genes)
-Predisposition; also environment
Concordance Rate
-Degree of similarity
Adoption and Twin Studies
-Criticisms
-Parents can decide where babies go
-Same geographic region
-Adopted by family
-cannot tease apart influence of gene and environment
Polygenic Inheritance
many genes are responsible for a trait
Polygenic Inheritance
– Many genes lead you to have a certain range of possible intelligence
Multifactorial Transmission
multiple factors (genes and
environment) impact expression of trait
Multifactorial Transmission
– Your actual intelligence within that range is determined by
environment
Epigenetics
–Genes “turned on” or “turned off”
– Phenotype not genotype
Epigenetics
- Environment – anything external to genes
– Pollution, smoking/habits, diet, stress, etc.
Epigenetics
- Individual-level
Epigenetics
- Can be passed on
–Dutch Famine
Genetic Screening/Counseling Pros
– Prepared
* Self - Huntington’s
* Child - PKU
Genetic Screening/Counseling Cons
–Upsetting/stress
–No certainty
* False pos/neg
* Can’t account for environ.
–Misuse of info
* Insurance
Passive (Gene-Environment Interactions)
–Child’s environment already matches genes
–Athletic parents have a child that is also athletic, and they
provide an environment that encourages athletic lifestyle
Active (Gene-Environment Interactions)
–Child seeks out environment to match genes (niche picking)
–Child has reading genes, so they spend a lot of time in the
school library
Evocative (Gene-Environment Interaction)
genes cause children to act in a way that draws out or evokes certain responses from those around them.
