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med term > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

1
Q

bi

A

twice, double, two

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2
Q

cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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3
Q

dys

A

bad, difficult, painful

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4
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

fibrous band

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5
Q

fibr/o/

A

fibrous tissue

fiber

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6
Q

ia

A

abnormal condition

disease

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7
Q

ic

A

pertaining to

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8
Q

kines or kinesi

A

movement

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9
Q

myo

A

muscle

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10
Q

plegia

A

paralysis or stroke

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11
Q

rrhexis

A

rupture

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12
Q

taxo

A

coordination or order

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13
Q

teno tendo tendino

A

tendon
stretch out
extend
strain

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14
Q

tono

A

tone
stretching
tension

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15
Q

tri

A

three

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16
Q

5 Functions of Muscular System

A
  1. hold the body erect and make movement possible
  2. generate 85% of heat that keeps body warm
  3. move food through digestive system
  4. muscle movement aids flow of blood through veins as it returns to the heart
  5. muscle action moves fluid through ducts and tubes associated with other body systems
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17
Q

musculoskeletal system

A

refers to the muscular and skeletal system

provide body with form, support, stability, and ability to move

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18
Q

Describe statistics of the muscular system

A

greater than 600 musclels

40-45% of body weight

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19
Q

Briefly describe skeletal muscle

A

Are composed of fibers that are covered with fascia

Attached to bone by tendons

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20
Q

Muscle Fiber

A

long, slender cells that compose muscles

each muscle consists of a group of fibers bound together by connective tissue

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21
Q

Fascia

A

band of connective tissue that envelops, separates or binds together muscle or groups of muscles

is flexible to allow muscle movement

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22
Q

Tendon

A

narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

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23
Q

Ligaments

A

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting bone to bone

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24
Q

Patellar Tendon

A

attach muscle to bottom of patella (kneecap)

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25
Q

Achilles Tendon

A

attach gastrocnemius muscle (major muscle of calf of leg) to heel bone

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26
Q

Aponeurosis

A

sheet-like fibrous connective tissue resembling flattened tendon connecting muscles together OR to a bone.

e.g. abdominal aponeurosis

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27
Q

Types of muscle

A

skeletal
smooth
myocardial

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28
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

attach to the bone of skeletal
make body movement possible

a. k.a voluntary muscle because we have conscious or voluntary control over the muscle
a. k.a striated muscle because the dark and light bands in the muscle fibers create a striped appearance

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29
Q

striated

A

striped

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30
Q

Where are smooth muscles located?

A

walls of internal organs (digestive tract, blood vessel, duct leading from gland)

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31
Q

The function of smooth muscle

A

to move and control the flow of fluid through internal organs

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32
Q

What are smooth muscles also known as?

A

involuntary muscle
= under control of ANS and are not voluntary

unstriated muscle
= do not have dark and light bands that produce striped appearance

visceral muscle
= found in hollow structure (digestive and urinary system)
= are found in large internal organs (except the heart)

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33
Q

visceral

A

pertaining to the interior

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34
Q

Myocardial muscle

A

a.k.a myocardium or cardiac muscle

form muscular wall of the heart

looks like striated skeletal muscle but is involuntary (like smooth muscle)

its contact contraction and relaxation causes a heartbeat

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35
Q

why are muscle movements possible (3)

A
  1. specialized muscle type
  2. muscle innervation
  3. organization of muscle into antagonistic muscle pairs
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36
Q

Muscle Innervation

A

stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nere

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37
Q

Motor Nere

A

enable brain to stimulate a muscle to contract
when stimulation stops, muscle relaxes

control body’s voluntary muscular contractions

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38
Q

Nerve impulse interruption

A
  • disrupted due to an injury or disease
  • muscle will be unable to function properly
  • may cause paralysis or unable to contact properly
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39
Q

Neuromuscular

A

the relationship between a nerve and a muscle

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40
Q

Antagonistic

A

working in opposition to each other

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41
Q

Antagonistic Muscle Pairs

A

Muscles in each pair are made up of specialized cells that can change length or shape by contracting or relaxing

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42
Q

contraction

A

tightening of a muscle

causes muscle to become shorter and thicker, and the belly or center of the muscle enlargeds

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43
Q

relaxation

A

muscle returns to original form

becomes longer and thinner, and belly is no longer enlarged

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44
Q

Abduction

A

movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

limb moves outward and away from side of body

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45
Q

Abductor

A

muscle that moves body part away from midline

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46
Q

Adduction

A

movement of limb toward midline of the body

limb moves inward toward side of body

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47
Q

Adductor

A

muscle that moves body part toward the midline

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48
Q

Ion

A

action

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49
Q

ab

A

away from

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50
Q

ad

A

toward

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51
Q

duct

A

to lead

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52
Q

Flexion

A

decrease angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint
knee or elbow is bent

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53
Q

Flexor muscle

A

bends limb at a joint

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54
Q

flex

A

to bend

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55
Q

extension

A

increase angle between two bones or straightening out a limb

knee or elbow is straightened

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56
Q

ex

A

away from

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57
Q

tens

A

stretch out

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58
Q

Extensor muscle

A

straighten limb at joint

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59
Q

hyperextension

A

extreme or overextension of a limb or body part beyond normal limit

e.g. movement of head far backward or far forward causes hyperextension of neck muscles

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60
Q

Elevation

A

raising or lifting body part

e.g. elevation of levator anguli oris muscles of face raise corner of mouth into smile

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61
Q

levator

A

muscle that raises body part

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62
Q

Depression

A

act of lowering a body part

e.g. depressor anguli oris lowers corner of mouth into frown

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63
Q

depressor

A

muscle that lowers body part

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64
Q

rotation

A

circular movement around an axis such as a shoulder joint

turns bone on own axis

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65
Q

axis

A

imaginary line that runs lengthwise through center of the body

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66
Q

Circumduction

A

circular movement at the far end of the limb

e.g. swinging motion of the far end of the arm

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67
Q

rotator muscle

A

turn body part on axis

the humerus
= the head of the humerus rotates within the shoulder joint

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68
Q

rotator cuff

A

group of muscles and their tendons that hold the head of the humerus securely in place as it rotates within the shoulder joint

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69
Q

supination

A

act of rotating arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned forward or upward

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70
Q

pronation

A

act of rotating the arm or legs so that the palm of the hand or the sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

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71
Q

dorsiflexion

A

movement that bends the foot upward at the ankle

decreased angle between top of foot and front of leg

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72
Q

plantar flexion

A

movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

increase angle between top of foot and front of leg

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73
Q

plantar

A

pertaining to sole of the foot

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74
Q

superficial muscle

A

named because they are located near the surface, just under the skin

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75
Q

How are muscles named (7)

A

origin and insertion

action

location

fiber direction

number of divisions

size or shape

strange reasons

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76
Q

origin

A

one point of attachment

where muscle begins
located nearest the midline of the body or on a less movable part of the skeleton

less movable attachment

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77
Q

insertion

A

point of attachment

where muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

more movable attachment

farthest point from midline of the body

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78
Q

sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

bend the neck and rotate the head

origin = stern/o or breastbone AND cleid/o or collar bone
insertion = mastoid process
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79
Q

mastoid process

A

part of temporal bone located just behind ear

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80
Q

mastoid muscle

A

inserts at one point of insertion into mastoid process

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81
Q

Muscles named for action

A

flexor carpi muscle

extensor carpi muscle

allow for bending and straightening of the wrist

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82
Q

carpi

A

wrist or wrist bone

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83
Q

Muscles named for location

A

pectoralis major

lateralis

medialis

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84
Q

pectoralis major

A

thick and fan-shaped muscle on the anterior chest wall

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85
Q

pectoral

A

relating to chest

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86
Q

lateralis

A

toward the side

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87
Q

vastus lateralis

A

large muscle toward outer side of the leg

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88
Q

vastus

A

huge

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89
Q

medialis

A

toward the medline

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90
Q

vastus medialis

A

muscle toward midline of the leg

part of quadriceps that flex and extend at the knee

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91
Q

Muscles named for fiber direction

A

external oblique and internal oblique muscles
= are at slanted alignment

rectus abdominis and rectus femorus
= straight alignment

anal sphincter
= closes the anus

transverse abdominis
= muscle in abdomen with crosswise alignment

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92
Q

Oblique

A

slanted or at angle

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93
Q

Rectus

A

in straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

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94
Q

Sphincter

A

ring-like muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

named for passage involved

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95
Q

Transverse

A

in crosswise direction

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96
Q

Muscles named for number of divisions

A

biceps brachii or biceps : formed from two divisions

triceps brachii or triceps: formed from three divisions

flex and extend upper arm

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97
Q

ceps

A

head

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98
Q

Muscles named for size or shape

A

named because they are too broad or narrow, large or small
named because they resemble a familiar object

gluteus Maximus: largest muscle of the buttock

deltoid muscle: located on shoulder and shaped like inverted triangle (like the Greek letter Delta)

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99
Q

Muscles named for strange reasons

A

e.g. hamstring group
= located on back of upper leg
= three separate muscles: biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembraneous
= knee flexion and hip extension

named because they’re the muscles by which a butcher hangs a slaughtered pig

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100
Q

Muscles of the head

A

frontalis
temporalis
masseter

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101
Q

Frontalis

A

a.k.a occipitofrontalis

in the forehead
raise and lower eyebrows

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102
Q

Temporalis

A

move lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

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103
Q

Masseter

A

move lower jaw up to close mouth when chewing

one of the strongest of the body

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104
Q

Muscles of the trunk

A

pectoralis major
external and internal oblique muscle
rectus abdominis
transverse abdominis

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105
Q

pectoralis major

A

male : makes up the bulk of the chest muscle

female : muscle lies under the breast

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106
Q

external and internal oblique muscle

A

found in abdomen

external oblique muscles:
= flex and rotate vertebral column
= flex torso and compress abdomen

internal oblique muscles: 
= flex the spine 
= support the abdominal contents 
= help breathe 
= rotate the spine
107
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flex the trunk
assist in breathing
support the spine

108
Q

transverse abdominis

A

located on side of the abdomen

core muscle

engaged when one laughs or coughs

109
Q

muscles of shoulders and arms

A

deltoid
trapezius
biceps brachii
triceps brachii

110
Q

deltoid

A

form muscular cap of the shoulder

111
Q

trapezius

A

muscle moves the head and shoulder blade

112
Q

biceps brachii

A

located in anterior upper arm

flex elbow

113
Q

triceps brachii

A

located in posterior upper arm

extend the elbow

114
Q

Muscles of the legs

A

rectus femoris
quadriceps femoris
hamstring group
gastrocnemius

115
Q

Rectus femoris

A

extends the leg at the knee

116
Q

quadriceps femoris

A

made up of four muscles

includes vastus lateralis and vastus medialis, which flex and extend the knee

117
Q

hamstring group

A

involved in knee flexion and hip extension

118
Q

gastrocnemius

A

calf muscle that flexes knee and bends foot downward

comes from latin for stomach of the leg, because the way the muscle bulges out

119
Q

Exercise physiologist

A

specialist who works under supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs and administer medial tests to promote physical fitness

120
Q

neurologist

A

specialize in treating cause of paralysis and similar muscular disorders in which there is a loss of function

121
Q

occupational therapist (OT)

A

enable patients to participate in ADL

including self care, education, work, or social interaction

122
Q

physiatrist

A

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehabilitation with the focus on restoring function

123
Q

rehabilitation

A

restoration, following disease, illness, or injury, of the ability to function in a normal or near-normal manner

124
Q

physical therapist (PT)

A

provide treatment to prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage, or other techniques

125
Q

sports medicine physician

A

specializes in treating sports-related injuries of bones, joints, and muscles

126
Q

Fasciitis

A

inflammation of fascia

127
Q

fasci

A

fascia

128
Q

fibromyalgia

A

debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue; diffuse or pain; other symptoms

129
Q

fibro

A

fibrous tissues

130
Q

debilitating

A

condition causing weakness

131
Q

tenosynovitis or tenonitis

A

inflammation of the sheath surroundinga tendon

132
Q

synov

A

synovial membrane

133
Q

tendin

A

tendon

134
Q

chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)

A

disorder of unknown cause that affects many body systems
known as myalgic encephalomyelitis

debilitating and complex that is not improved by bed rest and IS worsened with physical and mental activity

similar to fibromyalgia

135
Q

adhesion

A

band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally
form in muscles or in internal organs as a result of injury or surgery

136
Q

atrophy

A

weakness or wearing away of body tissue and structure

caused by pathology or by disuse of muscle over long period of time

137
Q

myalgia

A

tenderness or pain in muscles

138
Q

myocele

A

herniation or protrusion of muscle substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

139
Q

hernia

A

protrusion of a part of a structure through the tissues normally containing it

140
Q

myolysis

A

degeneration of muscle tissue

141
Q

ysis

A

destruction or breaking down in disease

142
Q

degeneration

A

deteroritation or breaking down

143
Q

deterioriation

A

process of becoming worse

144
Q

myorrhexis

A

rupture or tearing of a muscle

145
Q

polymyositis

A

muscle disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in MANY parts of the body.

affected muscles are closest to the trunk or torso
resulting weakness can be severe

146
Q

rhabdomyolysis

A

a serious syndrome that can result from direct or indirect muscle injury

death of muscle fibers releases their contents into the bloodstream, where they can lead to complications such as renal failure

147
Q

rhabdomy/o

A

striated muscle

148
Q

lysis

A

breakdown

149
Q

sarcopenia

A

loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with aging

weight or resistance training program can improve the muscle mass and SLOW, not stop the process

150
Q

sarc/o

A

flesh

151
Q

penia

A

deficiency

152
Q

muscle tone

A

state of balanced muscle tension (Contraction and Relaxation) that makes normal posture, coordination, and movement possible

153
Q

tonic

A

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

154
Q

dystonia

A

conditional of abnormal muscle tone that causes impairment of voluntary muscle movement

155
Q

hypotonia

A

condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

156
Q

on

A

tone

157
Q

ataxia

A

lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

shaky and unsteady movements caused by abnormal activity in cerebellum

158
Q

tax

A

coordination

159
Q

contracture

A

permanent tighting of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced by nonelastic fibrous tissues

due to scarring OR lack of use due to immobilization or inactivity

160
Q

intermittent claudication

A

pain in leg muscles that occurs during exercise
relieved by rest

due to poor circulation
associated with peripheral vascular disease

161
Q

intermittent

A

coming and going at intervals

162
Q

claudication

A

limping

163
Q

spasm

A

sudden and involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

e.g. tic : repeated spasm often involving eyelids or face

difficult or impossible to control

164
Q

myoclonus

A

quick and involuntary jerking of a muscle or group of muscles

occur normally as person is falling asleep or from neurological disorder (epilepsy, metabolic condition, response to medication)

165
Q

clon

A

violent action

166
Q

singultus

A

hiccups

myoclonus of the diaphragm that causes the characteristic hiccup sound with each spasm

167
Q

cramp

A

painful localized muscle spasm named for its cause (menstrual cramps or writer’s cramp)

Charley horse = slang term for cramp in the leg that came into us in 1880s among basketball players

168
Q

torticollis

A

wryneck

stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull head toward affected side

169
Q

bradykinesia

A

extreme slowness in movement

symptom of Parkinson’s disease

170
Q

dyskinesia

A

distortion or impairment of voluntary movement resulting in fragmented or jerky motions

171
Q

hyperkinesia

A

also known as hyperactivity

abnormally increased muscle function or activity

172
Q

myasthenia gravis (MG)

A

chronic autoimmune disorder

affect neuromuscular junction (where neuron activates muscle to contract)

produce serious weakness of voluntary muscles

affect muscles that control eye movement, facial expression, chewing and talking, swallowing, etc…

173
Q

muasthenia

A

muscle weakness

asthenia= weakness or lack of strength

174
Q

gravis

A

latin for grave or serious

175
Q

muscular dystrophy or muscular dystrophies

A

general term for more than 30 genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles

do not impact nervous system

no specific treatment to stop or reverse any form of the disease

two common forms are
DMD
BMD

176
Q

DMD or duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

most common form of muscular dystrophy in children

primarily affects boys with onset between 3 and 5

progresses rapidly so that most boys are unable to walk by age 12 and develop breathing difficulty and heart disease

177
Q

BMD or becker muscular dystrophy

A

similar to but less severe than DMD

178
Q

REpetitive Stress Disorder

A

a.k.a repetitive motion disorder

muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work, daily activity, or recreation such as sports

symptoms: repeated motions involving muscles, tendons, nerves, and joints

179
Q

Compartment Syndrome

A

involves the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the “compartment”

caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts, repetitive activity

180
Q

compartment

A

enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles

181
Q

overuse injuries

A

minor tissue injuries that have not been given time to heal

caused by spending hours at the computer keyboard or lengthy sports training sessions

182
Q

overuse tendinitis

A

aka overuse tendinosis

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of joint

183
Q

stress fracture

A

type of overuse injury

184
Q

myofascial pain syndrome

A

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscleds and fascia throughout the body

caused by a muscle being contracted repetitively

development of trigger points, producing local and referred muscle pain

185
Q

trigger points

A

tender areas that most commonly develop where the fascia comes into contact with a muscle

186
Q

referred pain

A

pain that originates in one area of the body but is felt in another

187
Q

What are 3 rotator cuff injuries

A

impingment syndrome
rotator cuff tendinitis
ruptured rotator cuff

188
Q

impingement syndrome

A

when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones of the shoulder joint

common symptom: discomfort when raising your arm above your head

189
Q

rotator cuff tendinitis

A

inflammation of tendons of the rotator cuff

named for cause: tennis shoulder or pitcher’s shoulder

190
Q

ruptured rotator cuff

A

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if the overuse continues

occurs as irritated tendon weakens and tears

191
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome

A

occur when tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflamed and swollen

swelling created pressure on the median nerve

192
Q

carpal tunnel

A

narrow bony passage under the carpal ligament that is located just below the inner surface of the wrist

median nerve and the tendons that bend the fingers pass through

193
Q

carpal tunnel. release

A

surgical enlargmeent of carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve the pressure on tendons and nerves

194
Q

ganglion cyst

A

harmless & fluid-filled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

caused by repeated minor injuries

does not require treatment

195
Q

epicondylitis

A

inflammation of tissues surrounding elbow

196
Q

condyl

A

condyle

197
Q

condyle

A

round prominence at the end of the bone

198
Q

`lateral epicondylitis

A

tennis elbow

characterized by pain on outer side of forearm

199
Q

medial epicondylitis

A

golfers elbow

characterized by pain on palm side of forearm

200
Q

heel spur

A

calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the calcaneus (heel bone) that is a casue of plantar fasciitis

201
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflammation of plantar fascia on the sole of the foot

causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

202
Q

sprain

A

injury to joint (ankle knee or wrist) when ligament is wrenched or torn

203
Q

strain

A

inury to the body of the muscle or to attachment of tendon

associated with overuse injury that involve stretched or torn muscle or tendon attachment

204
Q

shin splint

A

painful condition caused by tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia (the sh8in bone)

develop in anterolateral or posteromedial muscles of lower leg

due to repeated stress to lower leg (running on hard surface)

205
Q

hamstring injury

A

strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles that straighten hip and bend the nee

when muscles contract too quickly, an injury can occur that is characterized by sudden and severe pain in back of thigh

206
Q

Achilles tendinitis

A

inflammation of achilles tendon caused by excessive stress being placed on it

207
Q

iliotibial band syndrome

A

overuse injury
ITBS

caused by ilitobial band running against bone often in the area of the knee

208
Q

iliotibial band

A

runs from hipbone, diagonally across leg to the tibia

209
Q

spinal cord injury

A

SCI

the type of paralysis caused by it depends on the level of vertebra closed to the injury. the higher the injury, the greater the paralysis

210
Q

when does a SCI occur

A

when vertebra is broken and a piece of the broken bone is pressing into the spinal cord

if the vertebrae or pushed or pulled out of alignment

211
Q

What does an SCI occur

A

ability of brain to communicate with body below level of injury is reduced or lost all together

results in improper function

212
Q

incomplete injury

A

some function below level of injury, even though that function is not normal

213
Q

complete injury

A

complete loss of sensation and muscle control below injury

does not mean there is no hope for improvement

214
Q

paralysis

A

loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movemetns in a muscle through disease or injury to its nerve supply

temporary or permanent damage

215
Q

myoparesis

A

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

216
Q

paresis

A

partial or incomplete paralysis

217
Q

hemiparesis

A

slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

218
Q

hemiplegia

A

total paralysis affecting one side of the body

associated with brain damage or stroke

is contralateral

219
Q

paralplegia

A

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

paralplegic

220
Q

quadriplegia

A

paralysis of all four extremities

221
Q

deep tendon reflexes

A

DTRs

tested with reflex hammer used to strike a tendon

222
Q

reflex

A

involuntary response to stimulus

223
Q

what do the results of DTRs say

A

no or abnormal response: disruption of nerve supply to the involved muscles

no reflexes may be due to deep coma or medications (heavy sedation) `

224
Q

Range of Motion Testing

A

ROM

diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

increase strength flexibility mobility

225
Q

Electromyography

A

diagnostic test that measures electrical activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

results in electromyogram

used when people have symptoms of weakness and examination shows impaired muscle strength

226
Q

electro

A

electricity

227
Q

muscle biopsy

A

removal of a plug of tissue for examination.

needs biopsy needle

228
Q

what are 3 medications given for muscular system

A

antispasmodic or anticholinergic

skeletal muscle relaxant

neuromuscular blocker

229
Q

antispasmodic

A

a.k.a anticholinergic

supress smooth muscle contractions of stomach intestine and bladder

e.g. atropine = administered preoperatively to relax smooth muscles during surgery

230
Q

skeletal muscle relaxant

A

administered to relax ceratin muscles
relieve stiffness, pain, discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injury

act on CNS and may have negative interaction with alcohol and antidepressants

231
Q

neuromuscular blocker

A

a.k.a meuromuscular blocking agent

drug that causes temp. paralysis by blocking transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

used as adjunct to anesthesia during surgery to cause skeletal muscles to relax

232
Q

adjunct

A

in addition to

233
Q

ergonomics

A

study of the human factors that affect design an operation of tools and work environment

applied to design of equipment and workspaces, to reduce injury strain and stress

234
Q

myofascial release

A

specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique to ease pain of conditions (fibromyalgia, myofascial pain syndrome, movement restrictions, TMJ (temporomandibular joint disorders),and carpal tunnel syndrome

235
Q

Occupational therapy

A

OT

activities to promote recovery and rehab. to assist patient in ADL

236
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

include grooming eating dressing

237
Q

Physical Therapy

A

PT

prevent disability or restore function through use of exercise, heat, massage or other technique

238
Q

therapeutic ultrasound

A

use high frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue

eases pain, reduces muscle spasms, accelerates healing by increasing flow of blood into target tissue

239
Q

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

A

TENS

uses a device that delivers electrical impuses through skin, which causes change in muscles

240
Q

RICE

A

rest
ice
compression
elevation

rest and ice for first few days to ease pain
compression means wrapping with stretch bandage
elevation minimizes swelling

should also use heat, stretching, and light exercise to help bring blood to injured area to speed healing

241
Q

fasciotomy

A

surgical incision through fascia to relieve tension or pressure

used to treat compartment syndrome

without this procedure, pressure causes loss of circulation that damages affected tissue

242
Q

fascioplasty

A

surgical repair of fascia

243
Q

tenodesis

A

surgical sutring of end of tendon to a bone

244
Q

tenolysis

A

release of tendon from adhesions

245
Q

tenorraphy

A

surgical suturing together divided ends of tendon

246
Q

tenotomy

A

surgical incision into a tendon

247
Q

ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle tenotomy

A

PNT

treat chronic tendon pain by using ultrasound guided needle insertions to stimulate scar tissue healing within the tendon

used with platelet-rich plasma therapy

248
Q

platelet rich plasma therapy

A

some of patients blood is injected into scar tissue to promote increased blood flow and healing

249
Q

yorraphy

A

surgical suturing of a muscle

250
Q

myotomy

A

surgical incision into muscle

251
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

252
Q

CFS

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

253
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

254
Q

hemi

A

hemiplegia

255
Q

IC

A

intermittent claudication

256
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

257
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

258
Q

OT

A

occupational therapy

occupational therapist

259
Q

PM

A

poymyositis

260
Q

quad

A

quadriplegia

quadriplegic

261
Q

RSD

A

repetitive stress disorder

262
Q

ROM

A

range-of-motion testing

263
Q

PTA

A

physical therapy assistant

264
Q

AT

A

athletic trainer

med term (9 decks)

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