Chapter 3_Grammar Flashcards
Go over how to identify different genders
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How do you identify the different declensions?
Look at the ending in the genitive singular
How are the 1st declension nouns identified?
The genitive will end with an ‘ae’
How are the 2nd declension nouns identified?
The genitive will end with an ‘ī’
How are the 3nd declension nouns identified?
The genitive will end with an ‘is’
How are the 4th declension nouns identified?
The genitive will end with an ‘ūs’
In general, the vocative case will have the same ending as what? Where is this not true?
- The vocative will have the same ending as the nominative
2. This is not true in the second declension masculine
What are the two parts to the neuter rule?
- Neuter nominative and accusative always have the same ending
- Neuter nominative and accusative plural always end in ‘a’
A subset of 3rd declension nouns are known as i-stem nouns because they have an extra ‘i’ in a few cases. What is the PATTERNS for recognizing these nouns?
- Masculine/Feminine nouns have nominative singular ends in -s or -x or -is or - es
- have same number of syllables
example fīnis, fīnis - The stem ends in a double consonant
example: urbs, Urbis (the stem ‘urb-‘ has the ‘rb’ double consonant)
A subset of 3rd declension nouns are known as i-stem nouns because they have an extra ‘i’ in a few cases. What is the NUETER PATTERN for recognizing these nouns?
- Neuter nouns that end in -al, -ar, or -e
example: mare, maris
Third declension adjectives use what endings? And what is the only difference?
- i-stem
2. The Ablative singular for masc/fem/neut is ‘-ī’ rather than ‘-e’
What are four of the most common uses of the genitive?
- possession (“the arm of the man”)
- origin (“Cleopatra of Egypt”)
- material (“sword of iron”)
- partitive (“a piece of cake”)
What key word is usually used with dative words?
‘to,’ ‘for’
What are the three the most common uses of the dative?
- dative with adjectives
- predicative dative; (or dative of purpose or result)
- dative of possession (‘the office belongs to the student”)
- Indirect Object
Note: Review the following Latin paradigms:
Ch 2, 3_1st, 2nd, and 3rd Declension Case Endings