Chapter 13_Grammar

Question 1

How does English form the perfect passive verb?

Answer 1

1. using the past participle (example “carried)

2. with a helping verb (example “was,” “has been”)

Question 2

How does Latin form the perfect passive verb?

Answer 2

(In a similar way to English)

1. the fourth principal part (past/perfect participle)
2. with a form of the Latin helping verb esse

Question 3

What are the different forms that the fourth principal part can take?

Answer 3

1. nominative singular and nominative plural in all three genders (example: Nominative singular: portātus, portāta, portātum; Nominative plural: portātī, portātae, portāta)

Question 4

how would you translate:

portātus sum

Answer 4

I was carried (the subject has to be masculine because of the -us ending)

Question 5

how would you translate:

portāta es

Answer 5

you were carried (the subject has to be feminine singular because the helping verb “es” is singular [if portāta was neuter plural then it would have estis])

Question 6

how would you translate:

portātum est

Answer 6

it was carried (the subject has to be neuter because of the -um ending)

Question 7

how would you translate:

portātī sumus

Answer 7

we were carried (the subject has to be masculine because of the -ī ending)

Question 8

how would you translate:

portātae estis

Answer 8

you all were carried (the subject has to be feminine because of the -ae ending)

Question 9

how would you translate:

portāta sunt

Answer 9

they were carried (the subject has to be neuter plural because sunt is plural [-a could not be the feminine singular ending because sunt is plural])

Question 10

What is the paradigm for the Perfect Passive Indicative in the singular (use portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum)

Answer 10

1. portātus, -a, um + sum
2. portātus, -a, um + es
3. portātus, -a, um + est

Question 11

What is the paradigm for the Perfect Passive Indicative in the Plural (use portō, portāre, portāvī, portātum)

Answer 11

1. portātī, ae, -a + sumus
2. portātī, ae, -a + estis
3. portātī, ae, -a + sunt

Question 12

What is the Ablative of Agent

Answer 12

1. In passive sentences

2. The ā / ab + Ablative shows who or what did the action of the verb

Question 13

Put this active sentence into a passive (using the ablative of agent):
“A cart carried the grain”

Answer 13

“The grain is carried BY A CART.” (the cart would be in the Ablative case with the preposition ā / ab in Latin)

Question 14

Put this active sentence into a passive (using the ablative of agent):
“Vespasian built the Colosseum.”

Answer 14

“The Colosseum was built BY VESPASIAN.” (Vespasian would be in the Ablative case with the preposition ā / ab in Latin)

Question 15

Translate: Colossēum ā Vespasiānō aedificātum est.

Answer 15

“The Colosseum was built by Vespasian.”