Chapter 37- Intro to Microbiology

Question 1

prokaryotes have requirements for

Answer 1

Temperature, pH, oxygen tension, and nutrition

Question 1

Do prokaryotes contain a nucleus?

Answer 1

No

Question 2

Most clinically significant bacterial species require pH of

Answer 2

6.5-7.5

Question 3

Obligate aerobes require _ to survive

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

Obligate anaerobes

Answer 4

growth inhibited or killed in the presence of oxygen

Question 5

Facultative anaerobes

Answer 5

can survive in oxygen but growth is limited

Question 6

Microaerophilic

Answer 6

prefer reduced oxygen tension

Question 7

Capnophilic

Answer 7

require high levels of carbon dioxide

Question 8

Culture media types are chosen on the basis of

Answer 8

the bacterias nutritional requirments

Question 9

Fastidious microbes

Answer 9

bacteria that have strict nutritional requirements

Question 10

Mesophiles

Answer 10

almost all pathogenic bacteria in animals grow best at 20-40 degrees Celsius

Question 11

psychrophiles

Answer 11

lower temperatures

Question 12

thermophiles

Answer 12

higher temperatures

Question 13

coccus

Answer 13

cocci, spherical cells

Question 14

bacillus

Answer 14

bacilli, shaped like rods or cylinders

Question 15

Spiral

Answer 15

spirochetes, usually occur single and can be loose spirals, tight spirals, or comma-shaped spirals

Question 16

Coccobacillus

Answer 16

coccobacilli, some small rod-shaped bacteria stain in a polar fashion that causes them to have the appearance of two cocci in a pair

Question 17

Pleomorphic

Answer 17

shapes that range from cocci to rods

Question 18

Arrangements

Answer 18

single, pairs, clusters, chains, palisades

Question 19

Endospores location can be

Answer 19

central, subterminal, or terminal

Question 20

Spores are resistant to

Answer 20

heat, desiccation, chemicals, and radiation

Question 21

Bacteria reproduce primarily by

Answer 21

binary fusion

Question 22

4 phases of colonization for bacterial growth

Answer 22

1.Initial- “lag phase” adapting to new media
2.Exponential- “doubling time or generation time” rapid growth
3.Stationary- no net increase or decrease in total number of cells
4.Logarithmic decline- “death phase”, spore formation

Question 23

Fungi are

Answer 23

heterotrophs (an organism that cannot produce its own food, instead taking nutrition from other sources of organic carbon, mainly plant or animal matter)

Question 24

most fungi are multicellular except

Answer 24

yeast

Question 25

How do fungi digest food

Answer 25

externally through release of digestive enzymes and then bring the resulting small molecules into the hyphae

Question 26

Yeast reproduce by

Answer 26

budding

Question 27

Most other fungi rely on both

Answer 27

asexual and sexual reproduction systems

Question 28

Basidiomycetes

Answer 28

mushrooms or club fungi

Question 29

ascomycetes

Answer 29

cup fungi

Question 30

zygomycetes

Answer 30

molds

Question 31

deuteromycetes

Answer 31

fungi imperfecti

Question 32

Viruses need _ _ to grow and replicate

Answer 32

living cells