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Biology > Chapter 37 - Circulatory and Respiratory Systems > Flashcards

Chapter 37 - Circulatory and Respiratory Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

The heart is enclosed by a protective sac of tissue called

A

pericardium

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2
Q

What is the myocardium?

A

the thick layer of muscle whose powerful contractions pump blood through the circulatory system

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3
Q

What is the chamber that receives the blood?

A

atrium

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4
Q

What is the chamber that pumps blood out of the heart?

A

ventricle

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5
Q

The right side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to

A

lungs (pulmonary circulation)

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6
Q

The left side of the heart pumps blood from the heart to

A

the rest of the body (systemic circulation)

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7
Q

What is the valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle?

A

tricuspid valve

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8
Q

What does the septum do?

A

prevents the mixing of oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood; divides left and right side of heart

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9
Q

What is the valve between the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Mitral or bicuspid valve

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10
Q

What is the pacemaker?

A

the wave of muscle contractions through the heart

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11
Q

Arteries carry blood ___ from the heart

A

away

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12
Q

Veins carry blood ___ the heart

A

towards

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13
Q

What is hemoglobin?

A

the iron-containing protein that binds to oxygen in the lungs and transports it to tissues throughout the body where the oxygen is released

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14
Q

What is the purpose of the pharynx?

A

to serve as a passageway for both air and food

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15
Q

What is the trachea?

A

windpipe

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16
Q

Describe the pathway of oxygen through the respiratory system

A

environment-nasal cavities- pharynx- trachea- bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

17
Q

Describe the pathway of CO2 through the respiratory system

A

alveoli-bronchioles-bronchi-trachea-pharynx-nasal cavities-environment

18
Q

What is the purpose of cilia?

A

to sweep trapped particles and mucus away from lungs toward pharynx

19
Q

What is the purpose of mucus in the respiratory system?

A

moistens air and traps inhaled particles of dust or smoke

20
Q

How does gas exchange in the lungs occur?

A

Oxygen dissolves in the moisture on the inner surface of the alveoli and diffuse across capillaries into blood. CO2 diffuses in the opposite direction.

21
Q

What is the force that drives air into the lungs?

A

air pressure

22
Q

How does the medulla oblongata know when it’s time to breathe?

A

By the amount of CO2 in the blood

23
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

swollen and clogged (by mucus) bronchi

24
Q

What is emphysema?

A

loss of elasticity in the tissues of the lungs; can’t get enough oxygen to the body tissues or rid the body of excess carbon dioxide

Biology (17 decks)

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