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Biology > Chapter 11 Section 1-3 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Section 1-3 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The scientific study of heredity

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1
Q

What is genetics?

A

The scientific study of heredity

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2
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When a male and female sex cells join

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2
Q

What is fertilization?

A

When a male and female sex cells join

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3
Q

What does it mean when an organism is a true-breeding?

A

If the organism was allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves

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3
Q

What does it mean when an organism is a true-breeding?

A

If the organism was allowed to self-pollinate, they would produce offspring identical to themselves

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

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4
Q

What is a trait?

A

a specific characteristic that varies from one individual to another

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5
Q

What are hybrids?

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

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5
Q

What are hybrids?

A

offspring of crosses between parents with different traits

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6
Q

What are genes?

A

chemical factors that determine traits

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6
Q

What are genes?

A

chemical factors that determine traits

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7
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene

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7
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of a gene

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8
Q

What does the principle of dominance state?

A

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

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8
Q

What does the principle of dominance state?

A

Some alleles are dominant and others are recessive

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9
Q

What happens to alleles during gamete formation?

A

They segregate form each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

9
Q

What happens to alleles during gamete formation?

A

They segregate form each other so that each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene.

10
Q

What is probability?

A

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

10
Q

What is probability?

A

The likelihood that a particular event will occur

11
Q

What is homozygous?

A

when organisms have two identical alleles for a particular trait

11
Q

What is homozygous?

A

when organisms have two identical alleles for a particular trait

12
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

when organisms have two different alleles for the same trait (one dominant and one recessive)

12
Q

What is heterozygous?

A

when organisms have two different alleles for the same trait (one dominant and one recessive)

13
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

physical characteristics

13
Q

What is a phenotype?

A

physical characteristics

14
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic makeup (alleles)

14
Q

What is a genotype?

A

genetic makeup (alleles)

15
Q

What is heredity?

A

characteristics that are inherited from generation to generation

15
Q

What is heredity?

A

characteristics that are inherited from generation to generation

16
Q

What made pea plants so special?

A

They self pollinate; they have a male and female reproductive organs

16
Q

What made pea plants so special?

A

They self pollinate; they have a male and female reproductive organs

17
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

producing seeds that have 2 different parents

17
Q

What is cross-pollination?

A

producing seeds that have 2 different parents

18
Q

What are the 7 traits of pea plants?

A

seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, plant height

18
Q

What are the 7 traits of pea plants?

A

seed shape, seed color, seed coat color, pod shape, pod color, flower position, plant height

19
Q

What were the results of Mendel’s first experiments?

A

Each offspring had only traits from 1 of the parents. He came up with the principle of dominance to explain this.

19
Q

What were the results of Mendel’s first experiments?

A

Each offspring had only traits from 1 of the parents. He came up with the principle of dominance to explain this.

20
Q

What did Mendel allow for his second experiment? What was he trying to find?

A

He allowed the first generation to self-pollinate. He wanted to see whether the recessive allele disappeared or not.

20
Q

What did Mendel allow for his second experiment? What was he trying to find?

A

He allowed the first generation to self-pollinate. He wanted to see whether the recessive allele disappeared or not.

21
Q

What is the ratio when 2 heterozygous genes are crossed?

A

3:1

21
Q

What is the ratio when 2 heterozygous genes are crossed?

A

3:1

Biology (17 decks)

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