Chapter 13 - Genetic Engineering Flashcards
What is selective breeding?
Allowing only those animals with desired characteristics to produce the next generation
What is hybridization?
Crossing dissimilar individuals to bring together the best of both organisms
What is inbreeding?
the continued breeding of individuals with similar characteristics
What is the risk of inbreeding?
Most of the members are genetically similar, therefore, there’s a chance that a cross between 2 individuals will bring together 2 recessive alleles for a genetic defect.
How can breeders increase the mutation rate?
By using radiation and chemicals
What size DNA goes farther and faster in gel electrophoresis?
the smaller one
What is gel electrophoresis used for?
to compare the genomes or gene composition of different organisms or different individuals; can also be used to locate and identify one particular gene out of thousands of genes in an individual’s genome.
What is recombinant DNA?
DNA molecules that are produced by combining DNA from different sources
How does the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) work?
The scientist makes primers (a short piece of DNA that’s complementary to a portion of the DNA sequence) that’ll provide a place for the DNA polymerase to start working. Then the DNA is heated to separate the 2 strands then cooled to allow the primers to bind to the single stranded DNA. DNA polymerase starts making copies of the region between the primers. Then the cycle is repeated to make more copies of the DNA
What happens in gel electrophoresis?
a mixture of DNA fragments is placed at one end of a porous gel and an electric voltage is applied to the gel. When the power is turned on, DNA molecules move toward the positive end of the gel.
What is the charge of DNA molecules?
Negative
What is a clone?
a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
What animal was the first clone?
Dolly the lamb/sheep
