Chapter 36 Breast Cancer PP Flashcards
breast cancer most commonly mets to
bone, lung, brain, liver
Early stage, nonpalpable mass detected on mammogram or ______ palpable mass physically detected
nonpainful
clinical presentations of breast cancer
- breast mass
- nipple discharge or retraction
- skin changes (skin gets orange like texture)
- alteration in breast contour
- lymphadenopthy (swollen lymph nodes)
Originates in the ductal component of the breast
invasive ductal carcinoma
Originates from the glands or lobules of the breast
invasive lobular carcinoma
which pathology of breast cancer is most common
invasive ductal carcinoma
what are the two staging systems for breast cancer
clical stage and pathologic stage (TNM)
_____ age women have worse survival rate
younger
which race of women have the worse prognosis
african american
refers to the fact that the cancer cells don’t have estrogen or progesterone receptors and also don’t make too much of the protein called HER2.
triple negative breast cancer
- Cancer cells have receptors (proteins) for estrogen
- better prognosis (can treat with hormonal therapy)
ER +
- Cancer cells have receptors (proteins) for progesterone
- better prognosis (can treat with hormonal therapy)
PR +
- overexpression poorer prognosis
- poorly differentiated
HER2
removal of tumor with a margin of normal-appearing tissue
lumpectomy (excisional biopsy)
removal of a sample of axillary nodes
axillary dissection
type of surgery for those with early stage breast cancer, followed by adjuvant radiation therapy
breast conserving surgery
type of surgery for patients who are not candidates for breast-conserving surgery
mastectomy
breast cancer treatments
radiation therapy, chemo, surgery, hormonal therapies
After chemotherapy take _____ for at least __ years for ER+ breast cancer
Tamoxifen
5
Minimizes lung or heart tissue in the treatment fields as the breast falls away from the chest wall.
prone treatment
whole breast irradiation is typically treated _______ cGy over ________ weeks
4500-5000
4.5-5
(beam is parallel to the area being treated) (the beam and the area being treated are facing each other
en face
