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P & P II > Chapter 30 Respiratory System Tumors PP > Flashcards

Chapter 30 Respiratory System Tumors PP Flashcards

1
Q

what does the lower respiratory system include

A

trachea and lungs

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2
Q

what does the upper respiratory sytem include

A

nose, pharynx, and larynx

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3
Q

signs and symptoms for local disease

A

weight loss and blood in sputum when cough

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4
Q

sign and symptoms of regional disease

A

pain, coughing, dyspnea, dysphagia, facial, neck and arm edema, orthopnea, hoarseness

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5
Q

signs and symptoms of systemic disease

A

weight loss, anemia, and fatigue

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6
Q

when mass grows into surrounding structures it is known as

A

local disease

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7
Q

lymphatic spread to nearby lymph nodes

A

regional disease

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8
Q

distant spread via circulatory system with hematogenous spread

A

systemic disease

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9
Q

lung cancer is the ___ most common type of cancer in both men and women

A

2nd

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10
Q

lung cancer is the _____ cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women

A

leading

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11
Q

what is the most common cause of lung cancer

A

tobacco exposure

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12
Q

what is the average age of diagnosis for lung cancer

A

65 or older

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13
Q

____% of all cancer related deaths are associated with smoking tobacco

A

30

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14
Q

Spouses of smokers have a ___% greater risk of developing lung cancer compared with nonsmokers

A

30

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15
Q

Individuals at high risk for Lung cancer due to tobacco consumption may now qualify for ________

A

low-dose CT screening

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16
Q

Approx. ____% of the natural history of the disease has already occurred at the time of the chest x-ray

A

75

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17
Q

what is the principle method of lung cancer detection

A

chest xray

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18
Q

Used to determine if lesions are benign or malignant based on metabolic activity

A

PET scan

19
Q

Pulmonary function studies to determine a patient’s ability to withstand various types of treatment

A

laboratory studies

20
Q

Serum Calcium: Elevation is indicative of

A

osseos disease

21
Q

Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, and SGOT leveLs may indicate ___ or ___ involvement

A

liver or bone

22
Q

Tumor histology is most frequently obtained through a

A

fiberoptic bronchoscopy

23
Q

where is mesothelioma most commonly found

A

mesothelium of the pleura

24
Q

what are the routes of spread for lower respiratory tumors

A

direct extension, lymphatics, blood

25
Q

most common site for metastasis for lower respiratory tumors

A

Cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys, contralateral lung

26
Q

treatments for lower respiratory tumors

A

surgery, chemo, and radiation

27
Q

Individuals with advanced intrathoracic disease, extrathoracic extension, a Karnofsky score below ____, or weight loss greater than __% rarely survive longer than 2 years regardless of therapy.

A

70, 5

28
Q

the ____________ performance status scores ____

A

eastern cooperative oncology group, 0-5

29
Q

for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status what scores are most likely to survive and which are less likely?

A

0 to 1

3 or 4

30
Q

what dose response consistency is related to a higher incidence of lung cancers

A
  • Increased duration of smoking
  • Increased use of unfiltered cigarettes
  • Increased number of cigarettes consumed
31
Q

what are some examples of occupational exposures that could cause lung cancer?

A

Fumes from coal tar, nickel, chromium, arsenic, and various radioactive material, and uranium and randon (alpha emissions)

32
Q

which is the most common class of lung cancer

A

non-small cell lung cancer

33
Q

which histology is assciated with tobacco use?

A

SCC

34
Q

which histology of NSCLC is most common

A

adenocarcinoma

35
Q

5 year survival rate is based on how much it had _____ at diagnosis

A

spread

36
Q

it is rare for anyone who has never smoked to get which class of lung cancer

A

SCLC

37
Q

which class of lung cancer has the worse prognosis

A

SCLC

38
Q

which class of lung cancer typically reciveve PCI?

A

SCLC

39
Q

what are the two most common treatments for lung cancer

A

chemo and radiation

40
Q

Only about __% of patients may be considered for definitive surgery

A

20

41
Q

acute side effects of radiation therapy treatment

A

dermatitis, erythema, esophagitis

42
Q

chronic side effects of radiation therapy treatment

A
  • Dry, nonproductive cough due to irritation of the trachea and bronchi
  • Fibrosis of the lung and subcutaneous fibrosis of the skin
43
Q

________ is a chemo drug that has a synergistic effect when used in combination with radiation.

A

Adriamycin

P & P II (34 decks)

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