Chapter 30 Respiratory System Tumors PP

Question 1

what does the lower respiratory system include

Answer 1

trachea and lungs

Question 2

what does the upper respiratory sytem include

Answer 2

nose, pharynx, and larynx

Question 3

signs and symptoms for local disease

Answer 3

weight loss and blood in sputum when cough

Question 4

sign and symptoms of regional disease

Answer 4

pain, coughing, dyspnea, dysphagia, facial, neck and arm edema, orthopnea, hoarseness

Question 5

signs and symptoms of systemic disease

Answer 5

weight loss, anemia, and fatigue

Question 6

when mass grows into surrounding structures it is known as

Answer 6

local disease

Question 7

lymphatic spread to nearby lymph nodes

Answer 7

regional disease

Question 8

distant spread via circulatory system with hematogenous spread

Answer 8

systemic disease

Question 9

lung cancer is the ___ most common type of cancer in both men and women

Answer 9

2nd

Question 10

lung cancer is the _____ cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women

Answer 10

leading

Question 11

what is the most common cause of lung cancer

Answer 11

tobacco exposure

Question 12

what is the average age of diagnosis for lung cancer

Answer 12

65 or older

Question 13

____% of all cancer related deaths are associated with smoking tobacco

Answer 13

30

Question 14

Spouses of smokers have a ___% greater risk of developing lung cancer compared with nonsmokers

Answer 14

30

Question 15

Individuals at high risk for Lung cancer due to tobacco consumption may now qualify for ________

Answer 15

low-dose CT screening

Question 16

Approx. ____% of the natural history of the disease has already occurred at the time of the chest x-ray

Answer 16

75

Question 17

what is the principle method of lung cancer detection

Answer 17

chest xray

Question 18

Used to determine if lesions are benign or malignant based on metabolic activity

Answer 18

PET scan

Question 19

Pulmonary function studies to determine a patient’s ability to withstand various types of treatment

Answer 19

laboratory studies

Question 20

Serum Calcium: Elevation is indicative of

Answer 20

osseos disease

Question 21

Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, and SGOT leveLs may indicate ___ or ___ involvement

Answer 21

liver or bone

Question 22

Tumor histology is most frequently obtained through a

Answer 22

fiberoptic bronchoscopy

Question 23

where is mesothelioma most commonly found

Answer 23

mesothelium of the pleura

Question 24

what are the routes of spread for lower respiratory tumors

Answer 24

direct extension, lymphatics, blood

Question 25

most common site for metastasis for lower respiratory tumors

Answer 25

Cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys, contralateral lung

Question 26

treatments for lower respiratory tumors

Answer 26

surgery, chemo, and radiation

Question 27

Individuals with advanced intrathoracic disease, extrathoracic extension, a Karnofsky score below ____, or weight loss greater than __% rarely survive longer than 2 years regardless of therapy.

Answer 27

70, 5

Question 28

the ____________ performance status scores ____

Answer 28

eastern cooperative oncology group, 0-5

Question 29

for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status what scores are most likely to survive and which are less likely?

Answer 29

0 to 1 3 or 4

Question 30

what dose response consistency is related to a higher incidence of lung cancers

Answer 30

- Increased duration of smoking - Increased use of unfiltered cigarettes - Increased number of cigarettes consumed

Question 31

what are some examples of occupational exposures that could cause lung cancer?

Answer 31

Fumes from coal tar, nickel, chromium, arsenic, and various radioactive material, and uranium and randon (alpha emissions)

Question 32

which is the most common class of lung cancer

Answer 32

non-small cell lung cancer

Question 33

which histology is assciated with tobacco use?

Answer 33

SCC

Question 34

which histology of NSCLC is most common

Answer 34

adenocarcinoma

Question 35

5 year survival rate is based on how much it had _____ at diagnosis

Answer 35

spread

Question 36

it is rare for anyone who has never smoked to get which class of lung cancer

Answer 36

SCLC

Question 37

which class of lung cancer has the worse prognosis

Answer 37

SCLC

Question 38

which class of lung cancer typically reciveve PCI?

Answer 38

SCLC

Question 39

what are the two most common treatments for lung cancer

Answer 39

chemo and radiation

Question 40

Only about __% of patients may be considered for definitive surgery

Answer 40

20

Question 41

acute side effects of radiation therapy treatment

Answer 41

dermatitis, erythema, esophagitis

Question 42

chronic side effects of radiation therapy treatment

Answer 42

- Dry, nonproductive cough due to irritation of the trachea and bronchi - Fibrosis of the lung and subcutaneous fibrosis of the skin

Question 43

________ is a chemo drug that has a synergistic effect when used in combination with radiation.

Answer 43

Adriamycin