Chapter 30 Respiratory System Tumors PP Flashcards
what does the lower respiratory system include
trachea and lungs
what does the upper respiratory sytem include
nose, pharynx, and larynx
signs and symptoms for local disease
weight loss and blood in sputum when cough
sign and symptoms of regional disease
pain, coughing, dyspnea, dysphagia, facial, neck and arm edema, orthopnea, hoarseness
signs and symptoms of systemic disease
weight loss, anemia, and fatigue
when mass grows into surrounding structures it is known as
local disease
lymphatic spread to nearby lymph nodes
regional disease
distant spread via circulatory system with hematogenous spread
systemic disease
lung cancer is the ___ most common type of cancer in both men and women
2nd
lung cancer is the _____ cause of cancer related deaths in both men and women
leading
what is the most common cause of lung cancer
tobacco exposure
what is the average age of diagnosis for lung cancer
65 or older
____% of all cancer related deaths are associated with smoking tobacco
30
Spouses of smokers have a ___% greater risk of developing lung cancer compared with nonsmokers
30
Individuals at high risk for Lung cancer due to tobacco consumption may now qualify for ________
low-dose CT screening
Approx. ____% of the natural history of the disease has already occurred at the time of the chest x-ray
75
what is the principle method of lung cancer detection
chest xray
Used to determine if lesions are benign or malignant based on metabolic activity
PET scan
Pulmonary function studies to determine a patient’s ability to withstand various types of treatment
laboratory studies
Serum Calcium: Elevation is indicative of
osseos disease
Alkaline phosphatase, LDH, and SGOT leveLs may indicate ___ or ___ involvement
liver or bone
Tumor histology is most frequently obtained through a
fiberoptic bronchoscopy
where is mesothelioma most commonly found
mesothelium of the pleura
what are the routes of spread for lower respiratory tumors
direct extension, lymphatics, blood
most common site for metastasis for lower respiratory tumors
Cervical lymph nodes, liver, brain, bones, adrenal glands, kidneys, contralateral lung
treatments for lower respiratory tumors
surgery, chemo, and radiation
Individuals with advanced intrathoracic disease, extrathoracic extension, a Karnofsky score below ____, or weight loss greater than __% rarely survive longer than 2 years regardless of therapy.
70, 5
the ____________ performance status scores ____
eastern cooperative oncology group, 0-5
for the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status what scores are most likely to survive and which are less likely?
0 to 1
3 or 4
what dose response consistency is related to a higher incidence of lung cancers
- Increased duration of smoking
- Increased use of unfiltered cigarettes
- Increased number of cigarettes consumed
what are some examples of occupational exposures that could cause lung cancer?
Fumes from coal tar, nickel, chromium, arsenic, and various radioactive material, and uranium and randon (alpha emissions)
which is the most common class of lung cancer
non-small cell lung cancer
which histology is assciated with tobacco use?
SCC
which histology of NSCLC is most common
adenocarcinoma
5 year survival rate is based on how much it had _____ at diagnosis
spread
it is rare for anyone who has never smoked to get which class of lung cancer
SCLC
which class of lung cancer has the worse prognosis
SCLC
which class of lung cancer typically reciveve PCI?
SCLC
what are the two most common treatments for lung cancer
chemo and radiation
Only about __% of patients may be considered for definitive surgery
20
acute side effects of radiation therapy treatment
dermatitis, erythema, esophagitis
chronic side effects of radiation therapy treatment
- Dry, nonproductive cough due to irritation of the trachea and bronchi
- Fibrosis of the lung and subcutaneous fibrosis of the skin
________ is a chemo drug that has a synergistic effect when used in combination with radiation.
Adriamycin
