Ch. 38 Skin Cancer & Melanoma PP Flashcards
what is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy
skin cancer
most common type of skin cancer
basal cell carcinoma
2nd most common type of skin cancer
SCC
what are considered nonmelanomas
BCC and SCC
two most lethal skin cancers
melanoma and merkel cell
signs to look for
sore that takes longer than 3 weeks to heal
recurrent red patch that is tender or itchy
wart that bleeds or scabs
new growth
change in existing nevus
4 main risk factors
geographic location
skin type
multiplicity
gender
individuals with _____ complexions are most likely to develop skin cancer
fair
melanoma rate are slightly higher in which gender
men
at what age does most skin cancer appear
after 50
tanning bed produce which type of rays
UVA
which rays damage DNA and its repair system
UVB
functions of the skin
regulate body temp
acts as a barrier offering protection
production of vitamin D
provides recetors for external stimuli
responsible for differences in skin color in individuals
melanin
stimulating hormone is released by the pituitary
melanocytes
basal cell carcinoma arises in what cells
stratum basale
where does most basal cell carcinoma occur
head and neck
basal cell carcinoma is fast or slow growing
slow
squamous cell carcinoma arises from
upper layers of the epidermis
Smooth, red, or milky lumps with a pearly border, multiple telangiectasia, shiny and pale`
basal cell carcinoma
scaly, crusty, slightly elevated session that may have a cutaneous horn
squamous cell carcinoma
merkel cell carcinoma arise in
merkel cells
melanomas aris from
melanocytes located in the strtum basale layter
most common site for melaomas from women
legs
most common site for melanomas for men
trunk and face
Approximately 70% occur as a result of a change in a preexisting nevus(mole)
menanomas
ABCD’s of melanoma
- Assymerty
- Border
- Color
- Diameter
- Change
melanoma staging systems
clark
breslow
TNM modified
clark staging system based on
level of invasion through the epidermis and layer of dermis
breslow staging system based on
tumor thickness from the top of the granular layer of the epidermis
(thick or thin) tumor have worse prognosis
thick
what age group has worse prognosis
older
tumors located on what area of the body have worse prognosis
trunk then head and neck
melanomas pattern of spread
direct extension
regional lymphatics
distant skin and subcutaneous tissues
common mets sites of melanomas
lung
liver
bone
brain
SCC common mets sites
lung
then liver, bone, brain
A more precise type of surgery where tissue is removed one layer at a time and examined under a microscope. The microscopic examination of the tissue determines where to obtain the next sample. The process repeats until the tumor is excised completely
mohs surgery
3 types of melanocytic nevi
junctional
compound
intradermal
which type of melanocytic nevi is found above the basement membrane
junctional
which type of melanocytic nevi is found in the dermis and epidermis
compound
which type of melanocytic nevi is found in the dermal layer
intradermal
which type of melanocytic nevi is least likely to develop into melanoma?
why?
intradermal
possibily due to the dermis not recieve as much UV exposure because it is deeper in skin
layers of the epidermis: deepest to superficial
stratum basale (base layer) stratum spinosum (spiny layer) stratum granulosum (granular layer) stratum lucidum (clear layer) stratum corneum (horny layer)
which layer of the skin contains blood and lymphatic vessels
dermis
are basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas reportable diseases
no
used to fill gaps on uneven surfaces or to bring dose closer to the surface of skin
bolus
when treating what area may you need to do prophylactic neck irradiation
lip
what is the mininum spf you should use
15
when treating the lip you should used a shield to protect the what
teeth and gums
when treating the nose you should use a wax coated lead strip to protect the
nasal septum
