Chapter 27 Bone, Cartilage, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas PP Flashcards
Most sarcomas, especially high-grades ones metastasize _______ to the _____
hematologically
lung
____ tumors displace soft tissue; intact cortex with sclerotic margins
benign
_____ tumors cause soft tissue swelling and bone erosion with poorly defined margins;neoplasm extends into surrounding tissue; single lesions can be imaged on plain radiographs;Bone scans or PET can detect silent lesions;CT,MRI precisely define location of bone tumor and extensions; surgical biopsy
malignant
Primary bone tumors are rare but most often found in _____ &_______
distal femur and proximal tibia
Most common types of malignant bone tumors are _______ bone tumors
metastatic
____ & ____ are most common metastatic sites.
Spine and pelvis
______ is used to treat bone mets from prostate cancer
Strontium-89
Common primary sites that spread to bone include:
Prostate, breast, lung (most common), kidney, and thyroid
Most common malignant primary bone tumor in children, peaks in teen years. 2nd most common in adults
osteosarcoma
osteosarcomas most often occur where?
give three examples
at the end of long bones
Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Proximal humerus
what is the treatment choice for osteosarcoma
surgery and chemo therapy
is osteosarcoma radiosensitive or radioresisitant?
radioresistant
does osteosarcomas consist of osteoblastic or osteolytic lessions?
osteoblastic
Approx. 85% of osteosarcomas are grade __ or __ at diagnosis
3 or 4
what is an unfavorable prognostic sign of osteosarcoma
pulmonary mets
what is a chondrosarcoma?
malignant tumor of cartilage
Chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in ____
adults
Chondrosarcoma commonly occurs in what type of bone? give two examples
long bones
femur as well as the pelvis
what is the primary method of treatment for chondrosarcoma?
surgery
Chondrosarcoma develops in what age group?
30-60 yr olds
is Chondrosarcoma chemoresistant or chemosensitve?
chemoresistant
when is radiation therapy used for Chondrosarcoma
when the tumor cannot be completely removed
what part of the body is Ewings sarcoma most frequently found
lower 1/2 of the body
where is Ewings sarcoma most often found?
long bones and pelvis
what is the peak incidence for Ewings sarcoma?
mid teens, rare over 30
translocation of what two chromosomes are associated with Ewings sarcoma
22 & 11
what is the primary treatment for Ewings sarcoma
surgery, along with chemo and radiation to achive local control
what is Multiple myeloma?
malignant disease of the plasma cells
where does Multiple myeloma most often arise
B-cell lymphocytes of the bone marrow
the best treatment for Multiple myeloma is?
chemo and radition
for Multiple myeloma: chemo is for ___ and radiation is used for _______.
cure
palliation
what is the radiation dose and # of treatments for Multiple myeloma
30 Gy or even less over 10-15 treatments
multiple myeloma is can occur in any bone, and is characterized by an ______ lesion
osteolytic
Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence or absence of soft tissue masses
CT scan
Used in aggressive bone tumors to distinguish health tissues and neurovascular structures with the tumor tissue
MRI
Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence of skip metastases
PET scan
Soft Tissue Sarcomas (solid tumors) arise in which type of cell?
Mesenchymal cells
Soft Tissue Sarcomas treatment includes:
surgery, chemo, and radiaiton therapy
for Soft Tissue Sarcomas radiation is most commonly used for ____ or _____
preoperative or postoperative
what is the main route of spread for Soft Tissue Sarcomas
hematologic pathways
Soft Tissue Sarcomas most common site of mets
lungs
average dose for most bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas
50-60 Gy
