Chapter 27 Bone, Cartilage, and Soft Tissue Sarcomas PP

Question 1

Most sarcomas, especially high-grades ones metastasize _______ to the _____

Answer 1

hematologically

lung

Question 2

____ tumors displace soft tissue; intact cortex with sclerotic margins

Answer 2

benign

Question 3

_____ tumors cause soft tissue swelling and bone erosion with poorly defined margins;neoplasm extends into surrounding tissue; single lesions can be imaged on plain radiographs;Bone scans or PET can detect silent lesions;CT,MRI precisely define location of bone tumor and extensions; surgical biopsy

Answer 3

malignant

Question 4

Primary bone tumors are rare but most often found in _____ &_______

Answer 4

distal femur and proximal tibia

Question 5

Most common types of malignant bone tumors are _______ bone tumors

Answer 5

metastatic

Question 6

____ & ____ are most common metastatic sites.

Answer 6

Spine and pelvis

Question 7

______ is used to treat bone mets from prostate cancer

Answer 7

Strontium-89

Question 8

Common primary sites that spread to bone include:

Answer 8

Prostate, breast, lung (most common), kidney, and thyroid

Question 9

Most common malignant primary bone tumor in children, peaks in teen years. 2nd most common in adults

Answer 9

osteosarcoma

Question 10

osteosarcomas most often occur where?

give three examples

Answer 10

at the end of long bones

Distal femur
Proximal tibia
Proximal humerus

Question 11

what is the treatment choice for osteosarcoma

Answer 11

surgery and chemo therapy

Question 12

is osteosarcoma radiosensitive or radioresisitant?

Answer 12

radioresistant

Question 13

does osteosarcomas consist of osteoblastic or osteolytic lessions?

Answer 13

osteoblastic

Question 14

Approx. 85% of osteosarcomas are grade __ or __ at diagnosis

Answer 14

3 or 4

Question 15

what is an unfavorable prognostic sign of osteosarcoma

Answer 15

pulmonary mets

Question 16

what is a chondrosarcoma?

Answer 16

malignant tumor of cartilage

Question 17

Chondrosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in ____

Answer 17

adults

Question 18

Chondrosarcoma commonly occurs in what type of bone? give two examples

Answer 18

long bones

femur as well as the pelvis

Question 19

what is the primary method of treatment for chondrosarcoma?

Answer 19

surgery

Question 20

Chondrosarcoma develops in what age group?

Answer 20

30-60 yr olds

Question 21

is Chondrosarcoma chemoresistant or chemosensitve?

Answer 21

chemoresistant

Question 22

when is radiation therapy used for Chondrosarcoma

Answer 22

when the tumor cannot be completely removed

Question 23

what part of the body is Ewings sarcoma most frequently found

Answer 23

lower 1/2 of the body

Question 24

where is Ewings sarcoma most often found?

Answer 24

long bones and pelvis

Question 25

what is the peak incidence for Ewings sarcoma?

Answer 25

mid teens, rare over 30

Question 26

translocation of what two chromosomes are associated with Ewings sarcoma

Answer 26

22 & 11

Question 27

what is the primary treatment for Ewings sarcoma

Answer 27

surgery, along with chemo and radiation to achive local control

Question 28

what is Multiple myeloma?

Answer 28

malignant disease of the plasma cells

Question 29

where does Multiple myeloma most often arise

Answer 29

B-cell lymphocytes of the bone marrow

Question 30

the best treatment for Multiple myeloma is?

Answer 30

chemo and radition

Question 31

for Multiple myeloma: chemo is for ___ and radiation is used for _______.

Answer 31

cure palliation

Question 32

what is the radiation dose and # of treatments for Multiple myeloma

Answer 32

30 Gy or even less over 10-15 treatments

Question 33

multiple myeloma is can occur in any bone, and is characterized by an ______ lesion

Answer 33

osteolytic

Question 34

Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence or absence of soft tissue masses

Answer 34

CT scan

Question 35

Used in aggressive bone tumors to distinguish health tissues and neurovascular structures with the tumor tissue

Answer 35

MRI

Question 36

Help determine extent of tumor in bone and the presence of skip metastases

Answer 36

PET scan

Question 37

Soft Tissue Sarcomas (solid tumors) arise in which type of cell?

Answer 37

Mesenchymal cells

Question 38

Soft Tissue Sarcomas treatment includes:

Answer 38

surgery, chemo, and radiaiton therapy

Question 39

for Soft Tissue Sarcomas radiation is most commonly used for ____ or _____

Answer 39

preoperative or postoperative

Question 40

what is the main route of spread for Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Answer 40

hematologic pathways

Question 41

Soft Tissue Sarcomas most common site of mets

Answer 41

lungs

Question 42

average dose for most bone and Soft Tissue Sarcomas

Answer 42

50-60 Gy