Chapter 3.4 (page 60)

Question 1

Identify 6 possible results from acute inflammation.

Answer 1

Resolution

Suppuration

Spread of the Infection

Chronic Inflammation

Fibrosis

Death

Question 2

__________ of acute inflammatio implies the complete return of the injured tissue to normal. This is the most desirable result.

Answer 2

Resolution

Question 3

________ occurs when the host is unable to adapt to the effects of the organism/situation.

Answer 3

Death

Question 3

When tissue disruption has been too great for resolution to occur, scarring may be the end result.

Answer 3

Fibrosis

Question 4

If the host is unable to eliminate the offending situation or organism and the presence of the organism does not result in the immediate death of the host, then the pattern of inflammation progresses from acute to _____________.

Answer 4

Chronic Inflammation

Question 5

____________ means the formation of pus.

Answer 5

Suppuration

Question 6

_______ is material consisting of dead phagocytes, bacteria, damaged tissue and fluid. If this accumulates within a tissue, an _________ forms.

Answer 6

Pus

Abcess

Question 7

If the epithelial surface breaks down over the pus, an open sore called ________ forms: stasis or pressure varieties exist. Pus or other fluids can move along tissue tracts in the body and a tract that connects two epithelial surfaces is called ________.

Answer 7

Ulcer

Fistula

Question 8

When pus forms in a body cavity, it is known as _________.

Answer 8

Empyema

Question 9

The most common cause of suppuration is infection with __________ bacteria, such as staphylococcus and streptococcus .

Answer 9

Pyogenic

Question 10

Instead of becoming localized, an infection may spread directly through the soft tissues under the skin in a condition called __________.

Answer 10

Cellulitis

Question 11

Sometimes pus will drain along a narrow tissue plane, opening out onto a surface. This tissue tract is called a ______.

Answer 11

Sinus

Question 12

Another membrane which may become involved in acute inflammation is the _________ of the meninges, in which case ____________ occurs.

Answer 12

Pia Arachnoid

Meningitis

Question 13

Organisms may enter the lymphatics and spread along the lymphatic vessels giving rise to inflammation of the lymph, known as __________. Inflammation may then reach the draining lymph nodes, where the inflammation becomes known as _________.

Answer 13

Lymphangitis

Lymphadenitis

Question 14

The presence of organisms in the blood is termed ________. If allowed to go unchecked, the organisms multiply out of control resulting in ___________ or even death from __________.

Answer 14

Bacteremia

Septicemia (Sepsis)

Septic Shock

Question 15

When acute infection involves serous membranes, fluid exudate ________________ forms. The exudate may be [_____] but is more likely to be [________] if infected by staphylococcus bacteria, or consist mainly of fibrin [___________], or blood, in the case of a traumatic injury [__________].

Answer 15

**Ascites , pleural or pericardial effusions
Serous
Purulent
Fibrinous exudate Hemorrhagic
exudate **

Question 16

The Cellular Phase of acute inflammation consists primarily of the movement of _________, which are named because of the appearance of _________ in the cytoplasm.

Answer 16

Granulocytes

Granules

Question 17

Neutrophils

Neutrophils arrive within ___ minutes of an injury
They have large nuclei so they are often called _____________
________ of total blood leukocytes.

Answer 17

90

Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils

60-70%

Question 18

What is the largest WBC?

Answer 18

Monocytes

Question 19

Monocytes

Change into Macrophages for ___________ function
______ of total blood leukocytes
Predominate in inflammation after ___ hours

Answer 19

Phagocytosis

3-8%

48

Question 20

____________ play an important role in Acute Inflammation, and ____________ in Chronic Inflammation.

Answer 20

Neutrophils

Monocytes

Question 21

__________ form clots in the nearby capillaries. The clots close off any broken blood vessels. These also help to ______________________.

Answer 21

Plasma Proteins

Isolate the infection from the rest of the body