Chapter 2.3 (page 36)

Question 1

________ is an irreversible form of cell injury, and the morphological changes that occur in this process due to enzymatic degradation is called _________.

Answer 1

Cell Death

Cellular Necrosis

Question 2

These are the two essential concurrent processes that bring about the changes of necrosis.

Answer 2

Enzymatic Digestion of the Cell

Denaturation of Cellular Proteins

Question 3

The catabolic enzymes are derived from either the lysosomes of the dead cell (_______) or from the lysosomes of immigrant leukocytes (________).

Answer 3

Autolysis

Heterolysis

Question 4

Autolysis tends to soften and liquefy the necrotic material. This is a process called __________.

Answer 4

Liquefactive Necrosis

Question 5

This is the destruction of a cell via another type of cell. This results in what type of necrosis?

Answer 5

Heterolysis

Coagulative (Necrosis)

Question 6

TRUE or FALSE:

Coagulative necrosis is often true in hypoxic cell death specifically that of the brain.

Answer 6

FALSE.

This type is more characteristic of hypoxic cell death in all tissue, except the brain.

Question 7

Bacterial and fungal infections can often be characterized by this type of necrosis.

Answer 7

Liquefactive Necrosis

Question 8

Fatty necrosis is rarely seen except in the case of ________.

Answer 8

Pancreatitis

Question 9

This type of cell death is characterized by the obliteration of cellular details and appearing as a mass of soft and white tissue.

Answer 9

Caseous Necrosis

Question 10

This type of cell death s characterized by the ‘ghostly’ appearance of cells under light microscopy in the affected area of tissue. Cells are left intact at death.

Answer 10

Coagulative Necrosis

Question 11

__________is one of the main types of PCD and it involves a series of biochemical events leading to a characteristic cell morphology and death.

Answer 11

Apoptosis

Question 12

Give at least 2 examples of apoptosis that occur in our lifetime that are considered beneficial.

Answer 12

Menstruation

Separation of the digits (fingers) in embryo’s development

Control in immune cell numbers

Repairing and remodeling of tissue (wound healing)

Question 13

When a considerable mass of tissue on a living organism undergoes necrosis, the state is called ____________.

Answer 13

Gangrene

Question 14

Clients with diabetes are suscpetible to gangrene because of ____________________.

Answer 14

Impaired circulation especially on extremities.

Question 15

This type of gangrene can be caused by one of several anaerobic Clostridium bacteria. This is usually associated with trauma and dirty wounds.

Answer 15

Gas gangrene

(Often treated with Hyperbaric Chamber)

Question 16

TRUE or FALSE:

Dry gangrene is a form of coagulation necrosis.

Answer 16

TRUE.

Question 17

__________ is a form of coagulation necrosis. Gangrene is slow-spreading and is well-demarcated from the surrounding healthy tissues.

Answer 17

Dry gangrene

Question 18

This type of gangrene is caused by bacterial infection, and fast-spreading.

Answer 18

Wet or Moist Gangrene