Chapter 2.2 (page 32) Flashcards
Enumerate the Six Types of Cell Injury
**1. Hypoxia **
2. Physical Agents
3. Chemical Agents
4. Biologic Agents
**5. Abnormal Immunologic Response **
**6. Aging **
Give 4 causes of cell injury that are Physical Agents.
Mechanical forces
Extremes of temperature/fire/burn
Electrical forces
Radiation
Air pollution, heavy metal toxicity, drugs (Over the counter, prescription, or street) and acids/bases are examples of _________ that cause cell injury.
Chemical Agents
Give at least 4 Biologic Agents that cause cell injury.
Bacteria
Viruses
Parasitic worms
Fungi
Yeast
Protozoa
This is a decrease below normal levels of oxygen in tissues that auses the loss of the ability of the cell to carry on sufficient aerobic oxidative respiration.
Hypoxia
(The most common cause of cell injury and death.)
________ is the most common type of hypoxia. It is a condition in which the arterial blood flow (and thus oxygen) is restricted to a part of the body.
Ischemia
Hypoxemia (which means not enough Oxygen in the blood) can be caused by: (Give 2 causes)
Not enough oxygen in the air
Failure to properly ventilate the lungs
Failure of the lungs to properly oxygenate the blood
A reduction in partial pressure of oxygen [pO2]
Inadequate oxygen transport
_________ is the protein molecule in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the body’s tissues and returns carbon dioxide from the tissues.
Hemoglobin
Give the three Theories of Aging
Programmed Aging Hypothesis
Free Radical Damage
Clock Genes
This is the condition wherein fatty plaque deposits inside the blood vessels cause it to narrow and can totally block blood vessels.
Arteriosclerosis
TRUE OR FALSE:
The cause of Angina is the temporary overflow of blood to the heart muscles.
FALSE.
It is due to the temporary reduced bloodflow to the heart muscles.
What is the most common valve disease in the elderly?
Aortic stenosis
Narrowing of the aortic valve
What are the two distinctive reversible patterns of injury (in which cell function is impaired but cell death does not occur)?
Cellular Swelling
Fatty Changes
___________ is a reversible response to injury resulting from sodium and water influx into the cell. It is generally a mild form of injury and usually related to damage to the energy- dependent membrane pumps.
Cellular Swelling
__________ in the cell manifests a more serious injury which interferes with the cellular enzymes that normally metabolize fat for cellular energy.
Fatty Changes
