Chapter 33 (Lesson 9) Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

acclimatization

A

alteration in a body system in response to environmental change

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2
Q

alteration

A

change of the set point in a homeostatic system

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3
Q

apodeme

A

ingrowth of an animal’s exoskeleton that functions as an attachment site for muscles

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4
Q

asymmetrical

A

describes animals with no axis of symmetry in their body pattern

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5
Q

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

A

metabolic rate at rest in endothermic animals

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6
Q

canaliculus

A

microchannel that connects the lacunae and aids diffusion between cells

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7
Q

cartilage

A

type of connective tissue with a large amount of ground substance matrix, cells called chondrocytes, and some amount of fibers

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8
Q

chondrocyte

A

cell found in cartilage

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9
Q

columnar epithelia

A

epithelia made of cells taller than they are wide, specialized in absorption

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10
Q

connective tissue

A

type of tissue made of cells, ground substance matrix, and fibers

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11
Q

cuboidal epithelia

A

epithelia made of cube-shaped cells, specialized in glandular functions

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12
Q

dorsal cavity

A

body cavity on the posterior or back portion of an animal; includes the cranial and vertebral cavities

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13
Q

ectotherm

A

animal incapable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

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14
Q

endotherm

A

animal capable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

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15
Q

epithelial tissue

A

tissue that either lines or covers organs or other tissues

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16
Q

estivation

A

torpor in response to extremely high temperatures and low water availability

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17
Q

fibrous connective tissue

A

type of connective tissue with a high concentration of fibers

18
Q

frontal (coronal) plane

A

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into front and back portions

19
Q

fusiform

A

animal body shape that is tubular and tapered at both ends

20
Q

hibernation

A

torpor over a long period of time, such as a winter

21
Q

homeostasis

A

dynamic equilibrium maintaining appropriate body functions

22
Q

lacuna

A

space in cartilage and bone that contains living cells

23
Q

loose (areolar) connective tissue

A

type of connective tissue with small amounts of cells, matrix, and fibers; found around blood vessels

24
Q

matrix

A

component of connective tissue made of both living and non-living (ground substances) cells

25
midsagittal plane
plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into even right and left sides
26
negative feedback loop
feedback to a control mechanism that increases or decreases a stimulus instead of maintaining it
27
osteon
subunit of compact bone
28
positive feedback loop
feedback to a control mechanism that continues the direction of a stimulus
29
pseudostratified
layer of epithelia that appears multilayered, but is a simple covering
30
sagittal plane
plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into right and left sides
31
set point
midpoint or target point in homeostasis
32
simple epithelia
single layer of epithelial cells
33
squamous epithelia
type of epithelia made of flat cells, specialized in aiding diffusion or preventing abrasion
34
standard metabolic rate (SMR)
metabolic rate at rest in ectothermic animals
35
stratified epithelia
multiple layers of epithelial cells
36
thermoregulation
regulation of body temperature
37
torpor
decrease in activity and metabolism that allows an animal to survive adverse conditions
38
trabecula
tiny plate that makes up spongy bone and gives it strength
39
transitional epithelia
epithelia that can transition for appearing multilayered to simple; also called uroepithelial
40
transverse (horizontal) plane
plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into upper and lower portions
41
ventral cavity
body cavity on the anterior or front portion of an animal that includes the thoracic cavities and the abdominopelvic cavities
42