Chapter 33 (Lesson 9) Vocab

Question 1

acclimatization

Answer 1

alteration in a body system in response to environmental change

Question 2

alteration

Answer 2

change of the set point in a homeostatic system

Question 3

apodeme

Answer 3

ingrowth of an animal’s exoskeleton that functions as an attachment site for muscles

Question 4

asymmetrical

Answer 4

describes animals with no axis of symmetry in their body pattern

Question 5

basal metabolic rate (BMR)

Answer 5

metabolic rate at rest in endothermic animals

Question 6

canaliculus

Answer 6

microchannel that connects the lacunae and aids diffusion between cells

Question 7

cartilage

Answer 7

type of connective tissue with a large amount of ground substance matrix, cells called chondrocytes, and some amount of fibers

Question 8

chondrocyte

Answer 8

cell found in cartilage

Question 9

columnar epithelia

Answer 9

epithelia made of cells taller than they are wide, specialized in absorption

Question 10

connective tissue

Answer 10

type of tissue made of cells, ground substance matrix, and fibers

Question 11

cuboidal epithelia

Answer 11

epithelia made of cube-shaped cells, specialized in glandular functions

Question 12

dorsal cavity

Answer 12

body cavity on the posterior or back portion of an animal; includes the cranial and vertebral cavities

Question 13

ectotherm

Answer 13

animal incapable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

Question 14

endotherm

Answer 14

animal capable of maintaining a relatively constant internal body temperature

Question 15

epithelial tissue

Answer 15

tissue that either lines or covers organs or other tissues

Question 16

estivation

Answer 16

torpor in response to extremely high temperatures and low water availability

Question 17

fibrous connective tissue

Answer 17

type of connective tissue with a high concentration of fibers

Question 18

frontal (coronal) plane

Answer 18

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into front and back portions

Question 19

fusiform

Answer 19

animal body shape that is tubular and tapered at both ends

Question 20

hibernation

Answer 20

torpor over a long period of time, such as a winter

Question 21

homeostasis

Answer 21

dynamic equilibrium maintaining appropriate body functions

Question 22

lacuna

Answer 22

space in cartilage and bone that contains living cells

Question 23

loose (areolar) connective tissue

Answer 23

type of connective tissue with small amounts of cells, matrix, and fibers; found around blood vessels

Question 24

matrix

Answer 24

component of connective tissue made of both living and non-living (ground substances) cells

Question 25

midsagittal plane

Answer 25

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into even right and left
sides

Question 26

negative feedback loop

Answer 26

feedback to a control mechanism that increases or decreases a stimulus instead of maintaining it

Question 27

osteon

Answer 27

subunit of compact bone

Question 28

positive feedback loop

Answer 28

feedback to a control mechanism that continues the direction of a stimulus

Question 29

pseudostratified

Answer 29

layer of epithelia that appears multilayered, but is a simple covering

Question 30

sagittal plane

Answer 30

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into right and left sides

Question 31

set point

Answer 31

midpoint or target point in homeostasis

Question 32

simple epithelia

Answer 32

single layer of epithelial cells

Question 33

squamous epithelia

Answer 33

type of epithelia made of flat cells, specialized in aiding diffusion or preventing abrasion

Question 34

standard metabolic rate (SMR)

Answer 34

metabolic rate at rest in ectothermic animals

Question 35

stratified epithelia

Answer 35

multiple layers of epithelial cells

Question 36

thermoregulation

Answer 36

regulation of body temperature

Question 37

torpor

Answer 37

decrease in activity and metabolism that allows an animal to survive adverse conditions

Question 38

trabecula

Answer 38

tiny plate that makes up spongy bone and gives it strength

Question 39

transitional epithelia

Answer 39

epithelia that can transition for appearing multilayered to simple; also called uroepithelial

Question 40

transverse (horizontal) plane

Answer 40

plane cutting through an animal separating the individual into upper and lower portions

Question 41

ventral cavity

Answer 41

body cavity on the anterior or front portion of an animal that includes the thoracic cavities and the abdominopelvic cavities