Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIO156 > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

acid

A

molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

molecule that donates hydrogen ions and increases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

Acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

adhesion

A

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

attraction between water molecules and other molecules

A

adhesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

hydrocarbon consisting of a linear chain of carbon atoms

A

aliphatic hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anion

A

negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms

A

aromatic hydrocarbon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

atom

A

the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

aromatic hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon consisting of closed rings of carbon atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

negative ion that is formed by an atom gaining one or more electrons

A

anion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

calculated mean of the mass number for an element’s isotopes

A

atomic mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

atomic number

A

total number of protons in an atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

the smallest unit of matter that retains all of the chemical properties of an element

A

atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

atomic mass

A

calculated mean of the mass number for an element’s isotopes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

total number of protons in an atom

A

atomic number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

balanced chemical equation

A

statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

statement of a chemical reaction with the number of each type of atom equalized for both the products and reactants

A

balanced chemical equation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

base

A

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

molecule that donates hydroxide ions or otherwise binds excess hydrogen ions and decreases the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

buffer

A

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

substance that prevents a change in pH by absorbing or releasing hydrogen or hydroxide ions

A

buffer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

calorie

A

amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

amount of heat required to change the temperature of one gram of water by one degree
Celsius.

A

calorie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

capillary action

A

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

occurs because water molecules are attracted to charges on the inner surfaces of narrow tubular structures such as glass tubes, drawing the water molecules to the sides of the tubes.

A

capillary action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cation

A

positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

chemical bond

A

interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in the
formation of molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

positive ion that is formed by an atom losing one or more electrons

A

cation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

interaction between two or more of the same or different atoms that results in the
formation of molecules

A

chemical bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

chemical reaction

A

process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

process leading to the rearrangement of atoms in molecules

A

chemical reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

chemical reactivity

A

the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

A

cohesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

the ability to combine and to chemically bond with each other

A

chemical reactivity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

cohesion

A

intermolecular forces between water molecules caused by the polar nature of water; responsible for surface tension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

compound

A

substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

substance composed of molecules consisting of atoms of at least two different elements

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

covalent bond

A

type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms
when electrons are shared between atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

type of strong bond formed between two of the same or different elements; forms
when electrons are shared between atoms

A

covalent bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

A

dissociation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions and water balance

A

electrolyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

dissociation

A

release of an ion from a molecule such that the original molecule now consists of an ion and the charged remains of the original, such as when water dissociates into H+ and OH-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

electrolyte

A

ion necessary for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contractions and water balance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron shell (for example,
1s22s22p6)

A

electron configuration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

electron configuration

A

arrangement of electrons in an atom’s electron shell (for example,
1s22s22p6)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

electron orbital

A

how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be found

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

how electrons are spatially distributed surrounding the nucleus; the area where an electron is most likely to be found

A

electron orbital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

electron transfer

A

movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creation of ionic bonds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

movement of electrons from one element to another; important in creation of ionic bonds

A

electron transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

electronegativity

A

electronegativity ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons

A

element

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of –1 unit.

A

electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

ability of some elements to attract electrons (often of hydrogen atoms), acquiring partial negative charges in molecules and creating partial positive charges on the hydrogen atoms.

A

electronegativity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

electron

A

negatively charged subatomic particle that resides outside of the nucleus in the electron orbital; lacks functional mass and has a negative charge of –1 unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

element

A

one of 118 unique substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances; each element has unique properties and a specified number of protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

enantiomers

A

molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other

50
Q

molecules that share overall structure and bonding patterns, but differ in how the atoms are three dimensionally placed such that they are mirror images of each other

A

enantiomers

51
Q

equilibrium

A

steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system

52
Q

steady state of relative reactant and product concentration in reversible chemical reactions in a closed system

A

equilibrium

53
Q

evaporation

A

separation of individual molecules from the surface of a body of water, leaves of a plant, or the skin of an organism

54
Q

separation of individual molecules from the surface of a body of water, leaves of a plant, or the skin of an organism

A

evaporation

55
Q

functional group

A

group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton

56
Q

geometric isomer

A

isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms
alongside a double covalent bond

57
Q

group of atoms that provides or imparts a specific function to a carbon skeleton

A

functional group

58
Q

isomer with similar bonding patterns differing in the placement of atoms
alongside a double covalent bond

A

geometric isomer

59
Q

heat of vaporization of water

A

high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor

60
Q

high amount of energy required for liquid water to turn into water vapor

A

heat of vaporization of water

61
Q

hydrocarbon

A

molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen

62
Q

molecule that consists only of carbon and hydrogen

A

hydrocarbon

63
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms to slightly
negatively charged atoms in other molecules

64
Q

weak bond between slightly positively charged hydrogen atoms to slightly
negatively charged atoms in other molecules

A

hydrogen bond

65
Q

hydrophilic

A

describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water

66
Q

describes ions or polar molecules that interact well with other polar molecules such as water

A

hydrophilic

67
Q

hydrophobic

A

describes uncharged non-polar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water

68
Q

describes uncharged non-polar molecules that do not interact well with polar molecules such as water

A

hydrophobic

69
Q

inert gas (also, noble gas)

A

element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms

70
Q

element with filled outer electron shell that is unreactive with other atoms

A

inert gas (also, noble gas)

71
Q

ionic bond

A

chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

72
Q

chemical bond that forms between ions with opposite charges (cations and anions)

A

ionic bond

73
Q

atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

A

ion

74
Q

ion

A

atom or chemical group that does not contain equal numbers of protons and electrons

75
Q

irreversible chemical reaction

A

chemical reaction where reactants proceed uni-directionally to form products

76
Q

chemical reaction where reactants proceed uni-directionally to form products

A

irreversible chemical reaction

77
Q

isomers

A

molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula

78
Q

isotope

A

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

79
Q

molecules that differ from one another even though they share the same chemical formula

A

isomers

80
Q

one or more forms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons

A

isotope

81
Q

law of mass action

A

chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances

82
Q

chemical law stating that the rate of a reaction is proportional to the concentration of the reacting substances

A

law of mass action

83
Q

litmus paper (also, pH paper)

A

filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes so it can be used as a pH indicator

84
Q

filter paper that has been treated with a natural water-soluble dye that changes its color as the pH of the environment changes so it can be used as a pH indicator

A

litmus paper (also, pH paper)

85
Q

mass number

A

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

86
Q

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

A

mass number

87
Q

molecule

A

two or more atoms chemically bonded together

88
Q

matter

A

anything that has mass and occupies space

89
Q

anything that has mass and occupies space

A

matter

90
Q

molecule two or more atoms chemically bonded together

A

molecule

91
Q

neutron

A

uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu

92
Q

uncharged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu

A

neutron

93
Q

nucleus

A

core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

93
Q

nonpolar covalent bond

A

type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

94
Q

type of covalent bond that forms between atoms when electrons are shared equally between them

A

nonpolar covalent bond

95
Q

core of an atom; contains protons and neutrons

A

nucleus

96
Q

octet rule

A

rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells

96
Q

rule that atoms are most stable when they hold eight electrons in their outermost shells

A

octet rule

97
Q

orbital

A

region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons

98
Q

region surrounding the nucleus; contains electrons

A

orbital

99
Q

organic molecule

A

any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

100
Q

any molecule containing carbon (except carbon dioxide)

A

organic molecule

100
Q

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

A

pH scale

101
Q

periodic table

A

organizational chart of elements indicating the atomic number and atomic mass of each element; provides key information about the properties of the elements

101
Q

pH scale

A

scale ranging from zero to 14 that is inversely proportional to the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

102
Q

organizational chart of elements indicating the atomic number and atomic mass of each element; provides key information about the properties of the elements

A

periodic table

103
Q

polar covalent bond

A

type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in the creation of slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule

104
Q

type of covalent bond that forms as a result of unequal sharing of electrons, resulting in the creation of slightly positive and slightly negative charged regions of the molecule

A

polar covalent bond

105
Q

product

A

molecule found on the right side of a chemical equation

106
Q

molecule found on the right side of a chemical equation

A

product

107
Q

proton

A

positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu and a
charge of +1

108
Q

positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus of an atom; has a mass of one amu and a
charge of +1

A

proton

109
Q

isotope that emits radiation composed of subatomic particles to form more stable elements

A

radioisotope

109
Q

radioisotope

A

isotope that emits radiation composed of subatomic particles to form more stable elements

110
Q

reactant

A

molecule found on the left side of a chemical equation

111
Q

molecule found on the left side of a chemical equation

A

reactant

112
Q

reversible chemical reaction

A

chemical reaction that functions bi-directionally, where products
may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough

113
Q

chemical reaction that functions bi-directionally, where products
may turn into reactants if their concentration is great enough

A

reversible chemical reaction

114
Q

solvent

A

substance capable of dissolving another substance

115
Q

specific heat capacity

A

the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius

116
Q

the amount of heat one gram of a substance must absorb or lose to change its temperature by one degree Celsius

A

specific heat capacity

116
Q

sphere of hydration

A

when a polar water molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution.

117
Q

when a polar water molecule surrounds charged or polar molecules thus keeping them dissolved and in solution.

A

sphere of hydration

118
Q

substance capable of dissolving another substance

A

solvent

119
Q

structural isomers

A

molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds

120
Q

molecules that share a chemical formula but differ in the placement of their chemical bonds

A

structural isomers

121
Q

substituted hydrocarbon

A

hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons

122
Q

hydrocarbon chain or ring containing an atom of another element in place of one of the backbone carbons

A

substituted hydrocarbon

123
Q

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid

A

surface tension

123
Q

valence shell

A

outermost shell of an atom

123
Q

surface tension

A

tension at the surface of a body of liquid that prevents the molecules from separating; created by the attractive cohesive forces between the molecules of the liquid

124
Q

outermost shell of an atom

A

valence shell

125
Q

van der Waals interaction

A

very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges
attracting atoms that are very close together

126
Q

very weak interaction between molecules due to temporary charges
attracting atoms that are very close together

A

van der Waals interaction

BIO156 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions