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BIO156 > Chapter 21 Vocab > Flashcards

Chapter 21 Vocab Flashcards

1
Q

AZT

A

anti-HIV drug that inhibits the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

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2
Q

acellular

A

lacking cells

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3
Q

acute disease

A

disease where the symptoms rise and fall within a short period of time
asymptomatic disease disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

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4
Q

asymptomatic disease disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

A

disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

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5
Q

attenuation

A

weakening of a virus during vaccine development

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6
Q

back mutation

A

when a live virus vaccine reverts back to it disease-causing phenotype

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7
Q

bacteriophage

A

virus that infects bacteria

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8
Q

budding

A

method of exit from the cell used in certain animal viruses, where virions leave the cell individually by capturing a piece of the host plasma membrane

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9
Q

capsid

A

protein coating of the viral core

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10
Q

capsomere

A

protein subunit that makes up the capsid

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11
Q

cell necrosis

A

cell death

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12
Q

chronic infection

A

describes when the virus persists in the body for a long period of time

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13
Q

cytopathic

A

causing cell damage

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14
Q

envelope

A

lipid bilayer that envelopes some viruses

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15
Q

fusion

A

method of entry by some enveloped viruses, where the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell

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16
Q

gall

A

appearance of a plant tumor

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17
Q

gene therapy

A

treatment of genetic disease by adding genes, using viruses to carry the new genes
inside the cell

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18
Q

group I virus

A

virus with a dsDNA genome

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19
Q

group II virus

A

virus with a ssDNA genome

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20
Q

group III virus

A

virus with a dsRNA genome

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21
Q

group IV virus

A

virus with a ssRNA genome with positive polarity

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22
Q

group V virus

A

virus with a ssRNA genome with negative polarity

22
Q

group VI virus

A

virus with a ssRNA genomes converted into dsDNA by reverse transcriptase

23
Q

group VII virus

A

virus with a single-stranded mRNA converted into dsDNA for genome replication

24
Q

horizontal transmission

A

transmission of a disease from parent to offspring

25
Q

hyperplasia

A

abnormally high cell growth and division

26
Q

hypoplasia

A

abnormally low cell growth and division

27
Q

intermittent symptom

A

symptom that occurs periodically

28
Q

latency

A

virus that remains in the body for a long period of time but only causes intermittent symptoms

29
Q

lysis

A

bursting of a cell

30
Q

lysogenic cycle

A

type of virus replication in which the viral genome is incorporated into the genome of the host cell

31
Q

lytic cycle

A

type of virus replication in which virions are released through lysis, or bursting, of the cell

32
Q

matrix protein

A

envelope protein that stabilizes the envelope and often plays a role in the assembly of progeny virions

33
Q

negative polarity

A

ssRNA viruses with genomes complimentary to their mRNA

34
Q

oncogenic virus

A

virus that has the ability to cause cancer

34
Q

oncolytic virus

A

virus engineered to specifically infect and kill cancer cells

35
Q

PrPc

A

normal prion protein

36
Q

PrPsc

A

infectious form of a prion protein

37
Q

pathogen

A

agent with the ability to cause disease

38
Q

permissive

A

cell type that is able to support productive replication of a virus

39
Q

phage therapy

A

treatment of bacterial diseases using bacteriophages specific to a particular bacterium

40
Q

positive polarity

A

ssRNA virus with a genome that contains the same base sequences and codons found in their mRNA

41
Q

prion

A

infectious particle that consists of proteins that replicate without DNA or RNA

42
Q

productive

A

viral infection that leads to the production of new virions

43
Q

prophage

A

phage DNA that is incorporated into the host cell genome

44
Q

replicative intermediate

A

dsRNA intermediate made in the process of copying genomic RNA

45
Q

reverse transcriptase

A

enzyme found in Baltimore groups VI and VII that converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA

46
Q

vaccine

A

weakened solution of virus components, viruses, or other agents that produce an immune response

47
Q

vertical transmission

A

transmission of disease between unrelated individuals

48
Q

viral receptor

A

glycoprotein used to attach a virus to host cells via molecules on the cell

49
Q

virion

A

individual virus particle outside a host cell

50
Q

viroid

A

plant pathogen that produces only a single, specific RNA

51
Q

virus core

A

contains the virus genome

BIO156 (13 decks)

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