Chapter 21 Vocab

Question 1

AZT

Answer 1

anti-HIV drug that inhibits the viral enzyme reverse transcriptase

Question 2

acellular

Answer 2

lacking cells

Question 3

acute disease

Answer 3

disease where the symptoms rise and fall within a short period of time
asymptomatic disease disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

Question 4

asymptomatic disease disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

Answer 4

disease where there are no symptoms and the individual is unaware of being infected unless lab tests are performed

Question 5

attenuation

Answer 5

weakening of a virus during vaccine development

Question 6

back mutation

Answer 6

when a live virus vaccine reverts back to it disease-causing phenotype

Question 7

bacteriophage

Answer 7

virus that infects bacteria

Question 8

budding

Answer 8

method of exit from the cell used in certain animal viruses, where virions leave the cell individually by capturing a piece of the host plasma membrane

Question 9

capsid

Answer 9

protein coating of the viral core

Question 10

capsomere

Answer 10

protein subunit that makes up the capsid

Question 11

cell necrosis

Answer 11

cell death

Question 12

chronic infection

Answer 12

describes when the virus persists in the body for a long period of time

Question 13

cytopathic

Answer 13

causing cell damage

Question 14

envelope

Answer 14

lipid bilayer that envelopes some viruses

Question 15

fusion

Answer 15

method of entry by some enveloped viruses, where the viral envelope fuses with the plasma membrane of the host cell

Question 16

gall

Answer 16

appearance of a plant tumor

Question 17

gene therapy

Answer 17

treatment of genetic disease by adding genes, using viruses to carry the new genes
inside the cell

Question 18

group I virus

Answer 18

virus with a dsDNA genome

Question 19

group II virus

Answer 19

virus with a ssDNA genome

Question 20

group III virus

Answer 20

virus with a dsRNA genome

Question 21

group IV virus

Answer 21

virus with a ssRNA genome with positive polarity

Question 22

group V virus

Answer 22

virus with a ssRNA genome with negative polarity

Question 22

group VI virus

Answer 22

virus with a ssRNA genomes converted into dsDNA by reverse transcriptase

Question 23

group VII virus

Answer 23

virus with a single-stranded mRNA converted into dsDNA for genome replication

Question 24

horizontal transmission

Answer 24

transmission of a disease from parent to offspring

Question 25

hyperplasia

Answer 25

abnormally high cell growth and division

Question 26

hypoplasia

Answer 26

abnormally low cell growth and division

Question 27

intermittent symptom

Answer 27

symptom that occurs periodically

Question 28

latency

Answer 28

virus that remains in the body for a long period of time but only causes intermittent symptoms

Question 29

lysis

Answer 29

bursting of a cell

Question 30

lysogenic cycle

Answer 30

type of virus replication in which the viral genome is incorporated into the genome of the host cell

Question 31

lytic cycle

Answer 31

type of virus replication in which virions are released through lysis, or bursting, of the cell

Question 32

matrix protein

Answer 32

envelope protein that stabilizes the envelope and often plays a role in the assembly of progeny virions

Question 33

negative polarity

Answer 33

ssRNA viruses with genomes complimentary to their mRNA

Question 34

oncogenic virus

Answer 34

virus that has the ability to cause cancer

Question 34

oncolytic virus

Answer 34

virus engineered to specifically infect and kill cancer cells

Question 35

PrPc

Answer 35

normal prion protein

Question 36

PrPsc

Answer 36

infectious form of a prion protein

Question 37

pathogen

Answer 37

agent with the ability to cause disease

Question 38

permissive

Answer 38

cell type that is able to support productive replication of a virus

Question 39

phage therapy

Answer 39

treatment of bacterial diseases using bacteriophages specific to a particular bacterium

Question 40

positive polarity

Answer 40

ssRNA virus with a genome that contains the same base sequences and codons found in their mRNA

Question 41

prion

Answer 41

infectious particle that consists of proteins that replicate without DNA or RNA

Question 42

productive

Answer 42

viral infection that leads to the production of new virions

Question 43

prophage

Answer 43

phage DNA that is incorporated into the host cell genome

Question 44

replicative intermediate

Answer 44

dsRNA intermediate made in the process of copying genomic RNA

Question 45

reverse transcriptase

Answer 45

enzyme found in Baltimore groups VI and VII that converts single-stranded RNA into double-stranded DNA

Question 46

vaccine

Answer 46

weakened solution of virus components, viruses, or other agents that produce an immune response

Question 47

vertical transmission

Answer 47

transmission of disease between unrelated individuals

Question 48

viral receptor

Answer 48

glycoprotein used to attach a virus to host cells via molecules on the cell

Question 49

virion

Answer 49

individual virus particle outside a host cell

Question 50

viroid

Answer 50

plant pathogen that produces only a single, specific RNA

Question 51

virus core

Answer 51

contains the virus genome