Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Vanders Human Physiology (PHYSL 210) > Chapter 3.3 - Cell organelles > Flashcards

Chapter 3.3 - Cell organelles Flashcards

1
Q

What is the primary function of the nucleus?

A

Storage and transmission of genetic information to the next generation of cells

-also used to synthesize the proteins necessary for cell function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Surrounding the nuclus is a barrier called the ______ composed of ______

A

Surrounding the nuclus is a barrier called the nuclear envelope composed of two membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

At regular intervals along the surface of the nuclear envelope the two membranes are joined to each other, forming the rims of circular openings known as ______

A

At regular intervals along the surface of the nuclear envelope the two membranes are joined to each other, forming the rims of circular openings known as nuclear pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Nuclear pores allow the movement of ______ and _____ between the nucleus and cytoplasm

A

Nuclear pores allow the movement of RNA and Proteins that modulate gene expression between the nucleus and cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

WIthin the nucleus, DNA, in association with proteins, forms a fine network of threads: ______

A

WIthin the nucleus, DNA, in association with proteins, forms a fine network of threads: chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

During cell division, the chromatin threads become tightly condensed, forming rodlike bodies known as ______

A

During cell division, the chromatin threads become tightly condensed, forming rodlike bodies known as chromosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Inside the nucleus is a densely staining filamentous region without a membrane called the

A

Nucleolus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the purpose of the nucleolus?

(lecture)

A

Synthesis of ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the function of nuclear pores?

(lecture)

A

Allows selective movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus

-communication with cytosol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Lecture definition of chromatin?

A

Consists of DNA associated with proteins

-condenses to form chromosomes during cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lecture definition of Nuclear envelope?

A

Double layered porous membrane

-separates nucleus from cytoplasm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most cells have one nucleus

Except (2)

A
  1. Red blood cells: have no nucleus (maximize space for hemoglobin)
  2. Skeletal muscle tissue: multinucleate
    • Made of many precursor cells fused together to form one large cell with many nuclei
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Ribosomes are responsible for:

A

Protein synthesis

“protein facotries of a cell”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ribosomes are composed of:

A

Two subunits: Large and small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Each subunit of the ribosome is composed of _____ and ________

A

Each subunit of the ribosome is composed of proteins and ribosomal RNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The subunits of ribosomes join prior to ______, forming _____ ribosomes

A

The subunits of ribosomes join prior to protein synthesis, forming functional ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are the two major types of functional ribosomes?

A

Free ribosomes- in cytoplasm

Bound ribosomes - on Endoplasmic Reticulum

18
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum?

A

Fluid filled membranous system distributed throughout the cytoplasm

19
Q

What are the functions of the Rough endoplasmic Reticulum?

A
  • Synthesis of proteins with bound functional ribosomes
  • Post-translational modification of proteins
    • includes cleavage and glycosylation
    • needed to make membranes
    • needed for secretory proteins
20
Q

What are the functions of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

A
  • Synthesize lipids (fatty acids, steroids)
  • Stores Ca2+ (in muscle cells = sarcoplasmic reticulum)
  • Drug detoxification (liver cells)
21
Q

The _____ is a series of closely apposed, flattened membranous sacs that are slightly curved, forming a cup-shaped structure

A

The Golgi Apparatus is a series of closely apposed, flattened membranous sacs that are slightly curved, forming a cup-shaped structure

22
Q

What are cisternae?

A

Sets of flattened slightly curved membrane bound sacs stacked in layers (make up the golgi)

23
Q

What are the functions of the Golgi Apparatus?

A
  • Post-translational modification of proteins made in the RER
  • Sorts and packages proteins
24
Q

What are three options for proteins following packaging in the golgi?

A
  • Secreted via exocytosis
  • Become integral membrane proteins
  • become proteins of lysosomes, ER, or Golgi
25
Q

What are lysosomes?

A

Small, spherical organelles containing digestive enzymes

26
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

Breakdown extracellular and intracellular debris

-Destroy endocytosed bacteria, viruses

27
Q

What pH do lysosomes function at, how is the pH maintained?

A

pH of 5, maintained by protein pumps

28
Q

How are lysosomes made?

A

Enzyme made in ER -> Golgi packages them into vesicles -> enzyme filled vesicle = lysosome

29
Q

What are peroxisomes?

A

Small organelles containing oxidative enzymes

30
Q

What is the function of Peroxisomes?

A

Use oxygen to remove hydrogen from molecules

-Breakdown longchain fatty acids, alcohol, drugs (abundant in liver & kidney)

31
Q

What is a toxic product from peroxisomes? How do peroxisomes combat this?

A

H2O2

Peroxisomes contain the antioxidant enzyme, catalase that breaks H2O2 into water and oxygen

32
Q

What two organelles have 2 membranes?

A

Mitochondria and Nucleus

33
Q

The inner membrane of the mitochondria folds to form:

A

Cristae

34
Q

What are four cell types that have an abundance of Mitochondria?

A

Skeletal muscle

Heart muscle

Liver

Sperm

35
Q

Mitochondria has its own DNA. What type of DNA is this?

A

Double stranded circular DNA

36
Q

What are three general functions of the cytoskeleton?

A
  1. Maintain cell shape
  2. Maintain Organelle position
  3. Mediate cell and organelle motility
37
Q

What are the three cytoskeletal filaments?

A
  1. Microfilament (actin filament)
  2. Intermediate filament
  3. Microtubule
38
Q

What is the protein subunit of microfilaments?

Function (3)?

A

G-actin

  • -Support cell,
  • determine cell shape
  • cell movement
39
Q

What is the protein subunit of intermediate filaments? What are three functions

A

There are several, including Keratin

  • intermediate filaments are part of desmosomes (via keratin)
  • Support cell,
  • Provide mechanical strength
  • desmosomes
40
Q

What is the protein subunit of microtubules?

What are 2 functions?

A

Tubulin = large hollow tubes

  • support for cell
  • movement of organelles (tracks)

Vanders Human Physiology (PHYSL 210) (31 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions