Chapter 3.2 Energy in ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

At each level in a food chain 90% of the energy that entered that level is

A

not available to pass to the next level.

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2
Q

The energy that is lost at each level of a food chain is mainly lost as

A

heat and movement

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3
Q

At each level of a food chain some energy remains stored in

A

undigested material

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4
Q

A diagram that represents the relative numbers of organisms at each stage of a food chain is called a

A

pyramid of numbers

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5
Q

A diagram that shows the relative total masses of organisms at each level of a food chain is called a

A

pyramid of biomass

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6
Q

A diagram that shows the relative total energy in the bodies of all organisms at each level of a food chain is called a

A

pyramid of energy

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7
Q

Pyramids of biomass and energy are usually similar in

A

shape with a broad base representing producers, reducing to a narrow apex representing carnivores

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8
Q

Pyramids of number often have a similar shape to pyramids of energy and biomass but there can be differences depending on

A

the individual sizes of the organisms involved in the food chain.

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9
Q

In ecosystems the element

A

nitrogen is cycled

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10
Q

The nitrogen cycle is dependent on

A

various species of bacteria

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11
Q

Decomposers are

A

organisms that help to convert proteins in dead organisms and the nitrogenous waste from living organisms to ammonium compounds.

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12
Q

Nitrifying bacteria convert

A

ammonium into nitrates which can be taken up by plants

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13
Q

Dentrifying bacteria convert

A

nitrates into nitrogen gas which is released to the atmosphere.

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14
Q

Nitrogen fixing bacteria convert

A

nitrogen gas to nitrates

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15
Q

Some species of nitrogen fixing bacteria live free in soils and some species live in

A

root nodules of certain plants

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16
Q

Plant and animal proteins are made up from

A

amino acid units which are produced using nitrogen from nitrates

17
Q

Competition can occur if organisms struggle for the

A

same resources that are in short supply

18
Q

Interspecific competition occurs if

A

organisms of different species compete.

19
Q

Intraspecific competition refers to

A

competition between organisms of the same species.