Chapter 1.5 Proteins and Enzymes Flashcards
The variety of protein shapes arises from the sequence of
amino acid in their molecules.
The shape of protein molecules affects their
function
The functions of proteins included;
structural, enzymes, hormones, antibodies and receptors.
Structural proteins make up cell structures such as
membranes
Enzymes function as
biological catalysts and are made by all living cells such as amylase
Hormones are
chemical messengers produced by the endocrine gland such as insulin
Antibodies are protein molecules that are involved in
body defenses such as immunoglobulins
Receptors are found in
cell membranes and recognize specific substances such as the receptors for insulin in the liver.
Enzymes speed up
cellular reactions and are unchanged in the process
The substance upon which an enzyme acts is called its
substrate
Where an enzymes bonds to the substrate is called its
active site
Enzymes are specific and as as a result the shape of the active site of each enzyme molecule is
complementary to the shape of its substrate.
Each type of enzyme works best in its
optimum conditions
enzymes and other proteins are affected by
temperature and pH
Extremes of temperature or pH can result in changes to shape of the enzyme know as
denaturation
